Political speech: Deng Xiaoping addresses the Hong Kong handover in 1984

Advanced 2020-05-27 Politics & Communism source ↗

In June, 1984, thirteen years before the Hong Kong handover, he gave this speech, addressing critics of the “One Country, Two Systems” （一个国家，两种制度）policy, which determined China’s approach to the handover. The policy maintained that different political systems would concurrently be implemented under one government. In other words, that mainland China would remain socialist, and that Hong Kong would remain capitalist (until 2047, anyway), but both would be ultimately overseen by the CCP. It was a radical notion at the time, and it still is in many ways. His words here are a fascinating look into the past.

中国Zhōng guó政府zhèng fǔ为wéi解决jiě jué香港Xiāng gǎng问题wèn tí所suǒ采取cǎi qǔ的de立场lì chǎng、方针fāng zhēn、政策zhèng cè是shì坚定jiān dìng不bù移yī的de。我wǒ们men多次duō cì讲jiǎng过Guō，我国wǒ guó政府zhèng fǔ在zài一yī九jǐu九jǐu七qī年Nián恢hui复fù行háng使shǐ对duì香港Xiāng gǎng的de主权zhǔ quán后Hòu，香港Xiāng gǎng现行xiàn xíng的de社会shè huì、经济jīng jì制zhì度dù不变bù biàn，法fǎ律Lu:4基jī本běn不变bù biàn，生shēng活huó方式fāng shì不变bù biàn，香港Xiāng gǎng自由港zì yóu gǎng的de地位dì wèi和hé国Guó际jǐ贸mǎo易Yì、金融jīn róng中心zhōng xīn的de地位dì wèi也Yě不变bù biàn，香港Xiāng gǎng可以kě yǐ继jì续xù同tóng其qí他tā国家guó jiā和hé地区dì qū保báo持chí和hé发展fā zhǎn经济jīng jì关Guān系xì。我wǒ们men还Huán多次duō cì讲jiǎng过Guō，北京Běi jīng除chú了le派pā军队jūn duì以外yǐ wài，不bù向Xiàng香港Xiāng gǎng特区tè qū政府zhèng fǔ派pā出chū干部gàn bù，这zhè也Yě是shì不会bù huì改变gǎi biàn的de。我wǒ们men派pā军队jūn duì是shì为了wèi le维护wéi hù国家guó jiā的de安全ān quán，而ér不是bù shì去qù干预gān yù香港Xiāng gǎng的de内部nèi bù事务shì wù。我wǒ们men对duì香港Xiāng gǎng的de政策zhèng cè五十wǔ shí年Nián不变bù biàn，我wǒ们men说shuì这个zhè ge话huà是shì算suàn数shǔ的de。

我wǒ们men的de政策zhèng cè是shì实行shí xíng“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”，具体jù tǐ说shuì，就是jìu shì在zài中华Zhōng huá人民rén mín共gòng和hé国内guó nèi，十shí亿yì人口rén kǒu的de大dà陆lǔ实行shí xíng社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù，香港Xiāng gǎng、台Tái湾wan实行shí xíng资本zī běn主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù。近几年jìn jǐ nián来lái，中国Zhōng guó一直yī zhí在zài克服kè fú“左Zuǒ”的de错Cuò误wù，坚持jiān chí从cóng实shí际jǐ出发chū fā，实事shí shì求qíu是shì，来lái制定zhì dìng各方gè fāng面miàn工作gōng zuò的de政策zhèng cè。经过jīng guò五wǔ年Nián半bàn，现xiàn在zài已经yǐ jīng见效jiàn xiào了le。正是zhèng shì在zài这种zhè zhǒng情况qíng kuàng下xià，我wǒ们men才cái提出tí chū用yòng“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”的de办bàn法fǎ来lái解决jiě jué香港Xiāng gǎng和hé台Tái湾wan问题wèn tí。

“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”，我wǒ们men已经yǐ jīng讲jiǎng了le很hěn多次duō cì了le，全国quán guó人民rén mín代表dài biǎo大会dà huì已经yǐ jīng通过tōng guò了le这个zhè ge政策zhèng cè。有人yǒu rén担dan心xīn这个zhè ge政策zhèng cè会不会huì bù huì变biàn，我wǒ说shuì不会bù huì变biàn。核hē心xīn的de问题wèn tí，决定jué dìng的de因素yīn sù，是shì这个zhè ge政策zhèng cè对不对duì bù duì。如rú果guǒ不对bù duì，就jìu可kě能Néng变biàn。如rú果guǒ是shì对duì的de，就jìu变biàn不了bù le。进一步jìn yī bù说shuì，中国Zhōng guó现xiàn在zài实行shí xíng对外duì wài开放kāi fàng、对内duì nèi搞gǎo活huó经济jīng jì的de政策zhèng cè，有yǒu谁shéi改gǎi得了dé le？如rú果guǒ改gǎi了le，中国Zhōng guó百分之bǎi fēn zhī八十bā shí的de人rén的de生shēng活huó就要jìu yào下降xià jiàng，我wǒ们men就jìu会huì丧sǎng失shī人心rén xīn。我wǒ们men的de路Lù走zǒu对了duì le，人民rén mín赞成zàn chéng，就jìu变biàn不了bù le。

我wǒ们men对duì香港Xiāng gǎng的de政策zhèng cè长期cháng qī不变bù biàn，影响yǐng xiǎng不了bù le大dà陆lǔ的de社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì。中国Zhōng guó的de主体zhǔ tǐ必须bì xū是shì社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì，但dàn允许yǔn xǔ国内guó nèi某些mǒu xiē区Oū域yǔ实行shí xíng资本zī běn主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù，比如Bǐ rú香港Xiāng gǎng、台Tái湾wan。大dà陆lǔ开放kāi fàng一些yī xiē城市chéng shì，允许yǔn xǔ一些yī xiē外资wài zī进入jìn rù，这zhè是shì作为zuò wéi社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì经济jīng jì的de补bǔ充chong，有利于yǒu lì yú社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì社会shè huì生产力shēng chǎn lì的de发展fā zhǎn。比如Bǐ rú外资wài zī到dào上海Shàng hǎi去qù，当然dāng rán不是bù shì整zhěng个gě上海Shàng hǎi都Dū实行shí xíng资本zī běn主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù。深shēn圳也Yě不是bù shì，还是hái shi实行shí xíng社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù。中国Zhōng guó的de主体zhǔ tǐ是shì社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì。

“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”的de构gǒu想xiǎng是shì我wǒ们men根gēn据jǔ中国Zhōng guó自己zì jǐ的de情况qíng kuàng提出tí chū来lái的de，而ér现xiàn在zài已经yǐ jīng成为chéng wéi国Guó际jǐ上shǎng注zhù意yì的de问题wèn tí了le。中国Zhōng guó有yǒu香港Xiāng gǎng、台Tái湾wan问题wèn tí，解决jiě jué这个zhè ge问题wèn tí的de出路chū lù何Hé在zài呢ne？是shì社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì吞tun掉diào台Tái湾wan，还是hái shi台Tái湾wan宣xuan扬Yáng的de“三民Sān mín主义zhǔ yì”吞tun掉diào大dà陆lǔ？谁shéi也Yě不好bù hǎo吞tun掉diào谁shéi。如rú果guǒ不bù能Néng和hé平Píng解决jiě jué，只有zhǐ yǒu用yòng武力wǔ lì解决jiě jué，这zhè对duì各方gè fāng都Dū是shì不利bù lì的de。实现shí xiàn国家guó jiā统tóng一yī是shì民族mín zú的de愿yuàn望wàng，一yī百年bǎi nián不bù统tóng一yī，一yī千年qiān nián也Yě要yāo统tóng一yī的de。怎zěn么má解决jiě jué这个zhè ge问题wèn tí，我wǒ看kān只有zhǐ yǒu实行shí xíng“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”。

世界shì jiè上shǎng一yī系xì列liè争端zhēng duān都Dū面临miàn lín着zhāo用yòng和hé平方píng fāng式shì来lái解决jiě jué还是hái shi用yòng非Fēi和hé平方píng fāng式shì来lái解决jiě jué的de问题wèn tí。总zǒng得dé找出zhǎo chū个gě办bàn法fǎ来lái，新Xīn问题wèn tí就jìu得dé用yòng新Xīn办bàn法fǎ来lái解决jiě jué。香港Xiāng gǎng问题wèn tí的de成功chéng gōng解决jiě jué，这个zhè ge事shì例lì可kě能Néng为wéi国Guó际jǐ上shǎng许多xǔ duō问题wèn tí的de解决jiě jué提dī供gong一些yī xiē有益yǒu yì的de线xiàn索suó。从cóng世界shì jiè历lì史Shǐ来lái看kān，有yǒu哪nǎ个gě政府zhèng fǔ制定zhì dìng过Guō我wǒ们men这么zhè me开明kāi míng的de政策zhèng cè？从cóng资本zī běn主义zhǔ yì历lì史Shǐ看kān，从cóng西方Xī fāng国家guó jiā看kān，有yǒu哪nǎ一个yī ge国家guó jiā这么zhè me做zuò过Guō？我wǒ们men采取cǎi qǔ“一个yī ge国家guó jiā，两liǎng种zhǒng制zhì度dù”的de办bàn法fǎ解决jiě jué香港Xiāng gǎng问题wèn tí，不是bù shì一时yī shí的de感gǎn情qíng冲chong动dòng，也Yě不是bù shì玩弄wán nòng手shǒu法fǎ，完全wán quán是shì从cóng实shí际jǐ出发chū fā的de，是shì充chong分fēn照顾zhào gu到dào香港Xiāng gǎng的de历lì史Shǐ和hé现实xiàn shí情况qíng kuàng的de。

要yāo相Xiāng信xìn香港Xiāng gǎng的de中国人Zhōng guó rén能Néng治zhì理lǐ好hǎo香港Xiāng gǎng。不bù相Xiāng信xìn中国人Zhōng guó rén有yǒu能Néng力Lì管guǎn好hǎo香港Xiāng gǎng，这zhè是shì老lǎo殖民zhí mín主义zhǔ yì遗yī留下líu xià来lái的de思想sī xiǎng状zhuàng态tài。鸦片yā piàn战争zhàn zhēng以yǐ来lái的de一个yī ge多duō世纪shì jì里lǐ，外国人wài guó rén看不起kàn bu qǐ中国人Zhōng guó rén，侮辱rǔ中国人Zhōng guó rén。中华Zhōng huá人民rén mín共gòng和hé国Guó建立jiàn lì后Hòu，改变gǎi biàn了le中国Zhōng guó的de形象xíng xiàng。中国Zhōng guó今天jīn tiān的de形象xíng xiàng，不是bù shì晚清wǎn Qīng政府zhèng fǔ、不是bù shì北洋军Běi yáng jūn阀、也Yě不是bù shì蒋氏shì父子fù zǐ创chuǎng造zǎo出chū来lái的de。是shì中华Zhōng huá人民rén mín共gòng和hé国Guó改变gǎi biàn了le中国Zhōng guó的de形象xíng xiàng。凡是fán shì中华Zhōng huá儿女ér nu:3，不管bù guǎn穿chuān什shén么má服装fú zhuāng，不管bù guǎn是shì什shén么má立场lì chǎng，起码qǐ mǎ都Dū有yǒu中华Zhōng huá民族mín zú的de自豪zì háo感gǎn。香港人Xiāng gǎng rén也Yě是shì有yǒu这种zhè zhǒng民族mín zú自豪zì háo感gǎn的de。香港人Xiāng gǎng rén是shì能Néng治zhì理lǐ好hǎo香港Xiāng gǎng的de，要有yào yǒu这个zhè ge自zì信xìn心xīn。香港Xiāng gǎng过去guò qù的de繁荣fán róng，主要zhǔ yào是以shì yǐ中国人Zhōng guó rén为主wéi zhǔ体tī的de香港人Xiāng gǎng rén干gān出chū来lái的de。中国人Zhōng guó rén的de智力zhì lì不比bù bǐ外国人wài guó rén差chā，中国人Zhōng guó rén不是bù shì低dī能Néng的de，不要bù yào总zǒng以为yǐ wéi只有zhǐ yǒu外国人wài guó rén才干cái gàn得dé好hǎo。要yāo相Xiāng信xìn我wǒ们men中国人Zhōng guó rén自己zì jǐ是shì能Néng干gān得dé好hǎo的de。所suǒ谓wěi香港人Xiāng gǎng rén没有méi yǒu信xìn心xīn，这不zhè bu是shì香港人Xiāng gǎng rén的de真正zhēn zhèng意见yì jiàn。

目前mù qián中英Zhōng Yīng谈Tán判pǎn的de内容nèi róng还Huán没有méi yǒu公布gōng bù，很hěn多duō香港人Xiāng gǎng rén对duì中Zhōng央yāng政府zhèng fǔ的de政策zhèng cè不了bù le解Xiè，他tā们men一旦yī dàn真正zhēn zhèng了解liǎo jiě了le，是shì会huì完全wán quán有yǒu信xìn心xīn的de。我wǒ们men对duì解决jiě jué香港Xiāng gǎng问题wèn tí所suǒ采取cǎi qǔ的de政策zhèng cè，是shì国务院Guó wù yuàn总zǒng理lǐ在zài第dì六lìu届jiě全国quán guó人民rén mín代表dài biǎo大会dà huì第dì二次èr cì会huì议yǐ的de政府zhèng fǔ工作gōng zuò报bào告gào中Zhōng宣xuan布bù的de，是shì经Jīng大会dà huì通过tōng guò的de，是shì很hěn严yān肃sǔ的de事shì。如rú果guǒ现xiàn在zài还有hái yǒu人rén谈Tán信xìn心xīn问题wèn tí，对duì中华Zhōng huá人民rén mín共gòng和hé国Guó、对duì中国Zhōng guó政府zhèng fǔ没有méi yǒu信xìn任Rén感gǎn，那末nà me，其qí他tā一切yī qiè都Dū谈不上tán bu shàng了le。我wǒ们men相Xiāng信xìn香港人Xiāng gǎng rén能Néng治zhì理lǐ好hǎo香港Xiāng gǎng，不bù能Néng继jì续xù让ràng外国人wài guó rén统tóng治zhì，否fóu则zé香港人Xiāng gǎng rén也Yě是shì决不jué bù会huì答应dā ying的de。

港人Gǎng rén治zhì港Gǎng有yǒu个gě界线jiè xiàn和hé标biao准zhǔn，就是jìu shì必须bì xū由yóu以yǐ爱国者Aì guó zhě为主wéi zhǔ体tī的de港人Gǎng rén来lái治zhì理lǐ香港Xiāng gǎng。未wèi来lái香港Xiāng gǎng特区tè qū政府zhèng fǔ的de主要zhǔ yào成分chéng fèn是shì爱国者Aì guó zhě，当然dāng rán也Yě要yāo容纳róng nà别的bié de人rén，还Huán可以kě yǐ聘pǐn请qǐng外国人wài guó rén当dāng顾问gù wèn。什shén么má叫jiào爱国者Aì guó zhě？爱国者Aì guó zhě的de标biao准zhǔn是shì，尊重zūn zhòng自己zì jǐ民族mín zú，诚chēng心xīn诚chēng意yì拥护yōng hù祖国zǔ guó恢hui复fù行háng使shǐ对duì香港Xiāng gǎng的de主权zhǔ quán，不bù损sún害hài香港Xiāng gǎng的de繁荣fán róng和hé稳wén定dìng。只要zhǐ yào具备jù bèi这些zhè xiē条tiáo件jiàn，不管bù guǎn他tā们men相Xiāng信xìn资本zī běn主义zhǔ yì，还是hái shi相Xiāng信xìn封建主fēng jiàn zhǔ义Yì，甚至shèn zhì相Xiāng信xìn奴隶主nú lì zhǔ义Yì，都Dū是shì爱国者Aì guó zhě。我wǒ们men不要bù yào求qíu他tā们men都Dū赞成zàn chéng中国Zhōng guó的de社会shè huì主义zhǔ yì制zhì度dù，只要zhǐ yào求qíu他tā们men爱ài祖国zǔ guó，爱ài香港Xiāng gǎng。

到dào一yī九jǐu九jǐu七qī年Nián还有hái yǒu十三shí sān年Nián，从cóng现xiàn在zài起qǐ要yāo逐步zhú bù解决jiě jué好过hǎo guò渡dǔ时期shí qī问题wèn tí。在zài过Guō渡dǔ时期shí qī中Zhōng，一yī是shì不要bù yào出现chū xiàn大dà的de波动bō dòng、大dà的de曲Qū折zhē，保báo持chí香港Xiāng gǎng繁荣fán róng和hé稳wén定dìng；二èr是shì要yāo创chuǎng造zǎo条tiáo件jiàn，使shǐ香港人Xiāng gǎng rén能Néng顺利shùn lì地接dì jiē管guǎn政府zhèng fǔ。香港Xiāng gǎng各界gè jiè人士rén shì要yāo为此wèi cǐ作出zuò chū努力nǔ lì。

Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.

Lesson vocabulary 443 words

Word	Pinyin	Meaning
中国	Zhōng guó	China
政府	zhèng fǔ	government; CL:個\|个[ge4]
为	wéi	as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice); variant of 為\|为[wei2]
解决	jiě jué	to solve; to resolve; to settle (a problem); to eliminate; to wipe out (an enemy, bandits etc)
香港	Xiāng gǎng	Hong Kong, special administrative region (SAR) of the PRC (short name 港[Gang3])
问题	wèn tí	question; problem; issue; topic; CL:個\|个[ge4]
所	suǒ	actually; place; classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc; that which; particle introducing a relative clause or passive; CL:個\|个[ge4]
采取	cǎi qǔ	to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action); to take
的	de	of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to…
立场	lì chǎng	position; standpoint; CL:個\|个[ge4]
方针	fāng zhēn	policy; guidelines; CL:個\|个[ge4]
政策	zhèng cè	policy; CL:個\|个[ge4]
是	shì	to be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion); variant of 是[shi4]
坚定	jiān dìng	firm; steady; staunch; resolute
不	bù	no; not so; (bound form) not; un-
移	yī	to move; to change; to remove
我	wǒ	I; me; my
们	men	plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
多次	duō cì	many times; repeatedly
讲	jiǎng	to speak; to explain; to negotiate; to emphasize; to be particular about; as far as sth is concerned; speech; lecture
过	Guō	surname Guo
我国	wǒ guó	my country; our country
在	zài	to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
一	yī	one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out …
九	jǐu	nine; 9
七	qī	seven; 7
年	Nián	surname Nian; grain; harvest (old); variant of 年[nian2]
恢	hui	(bound form) vast; expansive
复	fù	to go and return; to return; to resume; to return to a normal or original state; to repeat; again; to recover; to restore; to turn over; to reply; to answer; to reply to a letter; …; to repeat; to double; to overlap; complex (not simple); compound; composite; double; diplo-; duplicate; overlapping; to duplicate; variant of 復\|复[fu4]; to reply to a letter
行	háng	(bound form) row; line; (bound form) line of business; trade; profession; (bound form) commercial firm; (bound form) to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age); (in …
使	shǐ	to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; to send; to instruct sb to do sth; envoy; messenger
对	duì	right; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to sui…
主权	zhǔ quán	sovereignty
后	Hòu	surname Hou; back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
现行	xiàn xíng	to be in effect; in force; current
社会	shè huì	society
经济	jīng jì	economy; economic
制	zhì	system; to control; to regulate; variant of 製\|制[zhi4]; to manufacture; to make
度	dù	to pass; to spend (time); measure; limit; extent; degree of intensity; degree (angles, temperature etc); kilowatt-hour; classifier for events and occurrences
不变	bù biàn	constant; unvarying; (math.) invariant
法	fǎ	variant of 法[fa3]; France; French; abbr. for 法國\|法国[Fa3 guo2]; Taiwan pr. [Fa4]; old variant of 法[fa3]; law
律	Lu:4	surname Lü
基	jī	(bound form) base; foundation; (bound form) radical (chemistry); (bound form) gay (loanword from English into Cantonese, Jyutping: gei1, followed by orthographic borrowing from Can…
本	běn	(bound form) root; stem; (bound form) origin; source; (bound form) one's own; this; (bound form) this; the current (year etc); (bound form) original; (bound form) inherent; origina…
生	shēng	to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born; to arise; to occur; to light (a fire); to live; to be alive; life; raw; uncooked; unprocessed; unfamiliar; strange; (bound form) stu…
活	huó	to live; alive; living; work; workmanship
方式	fāng shì	way; method; manner; mode; pattern (of behavior etc); CL:種\|种[zhong3]
自由港	zì yóu gǎng	free port
地位	dì wèi	position; status; place; CL:個\|个[ge4]
和	hé	old variant of 和[he2]; surname He; (literary) harmonious (variant of 和[he2])
国	Guó	surname Guo
际	jǐ	border; boundary; between; to meet; occasion
贸	mǎo	commerce
易	Yì	surname Yi; I Ching; Book of Changes (abbr. for 易經\|易经[Yi4 jing1])
金融	jīn róng	banking; finance; financial
中心	zhōng xīn	center; heart; core
也	Yě	surname Ye
可以	kě yǐ	can; may; possible; able to; not bad; pretty good
继	jì	to continue; to follow after; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit; then; afterwards
续	xù	to continue; to replenish
同	tóng	like; same; similar; together; alike; with; used in 衚衕\|胡同[hu2 tong4]
其	qí	his; her; its; their; that; such; it (refers to sth preceding it)
他	tā	(third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his; (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
国家	guó jiā	country; nation; state
地区	dì qū	region; area (informal or geographical term); prefecture (in China's administrative system)
保	báo	Bulgaria (abbr. for 保加利亞\|保加利亚[Bao3 jia1 li4 ya4])
持	chí	to hold; to grasp; to support; to maintain; to persevere; to manage; to run (i.e. administer); to control
发展	fā zhǎn	development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
关	Guān	surname Guan
系	xì	to connect; to relate to; to tie up; to bind; to be (literary); system; department; faculty; to tie; to fasten; to button up
还	Huán	surname Huan
北京	Běi jīng	Beijing municipality, capital of the People's Republic of China (short name 京[Jing1])
除	chú	to get rid of; to remove; to exclude; to eliminate; to wipe out; to divide; except; not including
了	le	(completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly
派	pā	used in 派司[pa1 si5]
军队	jūn duì	armed forces; troops; CL:支[zhi1]
以外	yǐ wài	apart from; other than; except for; external; outside of; on the other side of; beyond
向	Xiàng	surname Xiang; to tend toward; to guide; variant of 向[xiang4]; variant of 向[xiang4]; direction; orientation; to face; to turn toward; to; towards; shortly before; formerly
特区	tè qū	special administrative region; abbr. for 特別行政區\|特别行政区
出	chū	to go out; to come out; to arise; to occur; to produce; to yield; to go beyond; to exceed; (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result); classifier for…; variant of 出[chu1] (classifier for plays or chapters of classical novels)
干部	gàn bù	cadre; official; officer; manager
这	zhè	(pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)
不会	bù huì	improbable; unlikely; will not (act, happen etc); not able; not having learned to do sth; (coll.) (Tw) don't mention it; not at all
改变	gǎi biàn	to change; to alter; to transform
为了	wèi le	for; for the purpose of; in order to
维护	wéi hù	to defend; to safeguard; to protect; to uphold; to maintain
安全	ān quán	safe; secure; safety; security
而	ér	and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
不是	bù shì	no; is not; not
去	qù	to go; to go to (a place); (of a time etc) last; just passed; to send; to remove; to get rid of; to reduce; to be apart from in space or time; to die (euphemism); to play (a part);…
干预	gān yù	to meddle; to intervene; intervention
内部	nèi bù	interior; inside (part, section); internal
事务	shì wù	(political, economic etc) affairs; work; transaction (as in a computer database)
五十	wǔ shí	fifty
说	shuì	to persuade; variant of 說\|说[shuo1]
这个	zhè ge	(pronoun) this; (adjective) this
话	huà	dialect; language; spoken words; speech; talk; words; conversation; what sb said; CL:種\|种[zhong3],席[xi2],句[ju4],口[kou3],番[fan1]; old variant of 話\|话[hua4]
算	suàn	to calculate; to figure out; to include; to count in; to count; to be valid; to carry weight; to regard as; to consider (to be ...)
数	shǔ	to count; to count as; to regard as; to enumerate; to list
实行	shí xíng	to implement; to carry out; to put into practice
一个	yī ge	a; an; one; the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
两	liǎng	two; both; some; a few; tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤[jin1] (old)
种	zhǒng	seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts
具体	jù tǐ	concrete; specific; detailed
就是	jìu shì	exactly; precisely; only; simply; just; (used correlatively with 也[ye3]) even; even if
中华	Zhōng huá	Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity (as in 中華文化\|中华文化[Zhong1 hua2 wen2 hua4] "Chinese culture"); used in the off…
人民	rén mín	the people
共	gòng	common; general; to share; together; total; altogether; abbr. for 共產黨\|共产党[Gong4 chan3 dang3], Communist party
国内	guó nèi	domestic; internal (to a country); civil
十	shí	ten; 10
亿	yì	100 million
人口	rén kǒu	population; people
大	dà	big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)
陆	lǔ	land; continent; shore; to land; six (banker form); surname Lu
主义	zhǔ yì	-ism; ideology
台	Tái	Taiwan (abbr.); surname Tai; desk; table; counter; typhoon
湾	wan	bay; to cast anchor
资本	zī běn	capital (economics)
近几年	jìn jǐ nián	in recent years
来	lái	to come; (used as a substitute for a more specific verb); hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來\|回来[hui2 lai5]); ever since (as in 自古以來\|自古以来[zi4 gu3…
一直	yī zhí	straight (in a straight line); continuously; always; all the way through
克服	kè fú	(try to) overcome (hardships etc); to conquer; to put up with; to endure
左	Zuǒ	surname Zuo
错	Cuò	surname Cuo
误	wù	mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect; mistakenly
坚持	jiān chí	to persevere with; to persist in; to insist on
从	cóng	variant of 從\|从[cong2]; surname Cong
实	shí	real; true; honest; really; solid; fruit; seed; definitely
出发	chū fā	to set off; to start (on a journey)
实事	shí shì	fact; actual thing; practical matter
求	qíu	to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
制定	zhì dìng	to draw up; to formulate
各方	gè fāng	all parties (in a dispute etc); all sides; all directions
面	miàn	face; side; surface; aspect; top; classifier for objects with flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc; variant of 麵\|面[mian4]; flour; noodles; (of food) soft (not crunchy); (slang) (of a person) ineffectual; spineless
工作	gōng zuò	to work; (of a machine) to operate; job; work; task; CL:個\|个[ge4],份[fen4],項\|项[xiang4]
经过	jīng guò	to pass; to go through; process; course; CL:個\|个[ge4]
五	wǔ	five; 5
半	bàn	half; semi-; incomplete; (after a number) and a half
现	xiàn	to appear; present; now; existing; current
已经	yǐ jīng	already
见效	jiàn xiào	to produce the intended effect; to achieve the desired result
正是	zhèng shì	is precisely
这种	zhè zhǒng	this kind of
情况	qíng kuàng	circumstances; state of affairs; situation; CL:種\|种[zhong3]
下	xià	down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency …
才	cái	ability; talent; sb of a certain type; a capable individual; then and only then; just now; (before an expression of quantity) only; (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) reall…; (variant of 才[cai2]) just now; (variant of 才[cai2]) (before an expression of quantity) only
提出	tí chū	to raise (an issue); to propose; to put forward; to suggest; to post (on a website); to withdraw (cash)
用	yòng	to use; to make use of; to employ; (coverb) with; using; to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions); usefulness; utility; (bound form) expense; outlay; (courte…
办	bàn	to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event); to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise); (law) to handle; to investigat…
很	hěn	very; quite; (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element)
全国	quán guó	whole nation; nationwide; countrywide; national
代表	dài biǎo	representative; delegate; CL:位[wei4],個\|个[ge4],名[ming2]; to represent; to stand for; on behalf of; in the name of
大会	dà huì	general assembly; general meeting; convention; CL:個\|个[ge4],屆\|届[jie4]
通过	tōng guò	to pass through; to get through; to adopt (a resolution); to pass (legislation); to pass (a test); by means of; through; via
有人	yǒu rén	someone; people; anyone; there is someone there; occupied (as in restroom)
担	dan	to undertake; to shoulder
心	xīn	heart; mind; intention; center; core; CL:顆\|颗[ke1],個\|个[ge4]
会不会	huì bù huì	(posing a question: whether sb, something) can or cannot?; is able to or not
变	biàn	to change; to become different; to transform; to vary; rebellion
核	hē	pit; nucleus; to examine; to verify
决定	jué dìng	to decide; to determine; to make up one's mind; decision (CL:個\|个[ge4],項\|项[xiang4])
因素	yīn sù	element; factor; CL:個\|个[ge4]
对不对	duì bù duì	right or wrong?; Is it right?; OK, yes? (colloquial)
如	rú	as; as if; such as
果	guǒ	fruit; result; resolute; indeed; if really
不对	bù duì	incorrect; wrong; amiss; abnormal; queer
就	jìu	(after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precise…
可	kě	(prefix) can; may; able to; -able; to approve; to permit; to suit; (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very; but; however
能	Néng	surname Neng
不了	bù le	no thanks (used to politely but informally decline)
进一步	jìn yī bù	to go a step further; (develop, understand, improve etc) more; further
对外	duì wài	external; foreign; pertaining to external or foreign (affairs)
开放	kāi fàng	to bloom; to open; to be open (to the public); to open up (to the outside); to be open-minded; unrestrained by convention; unconstrained in one's sexuality
对内	duì nèi	internal; national; domestic (policy)
搞	gǎo	to do; to make; to go in for; to set up; to get hold of; to take care of
有	yǒu	to have; there is; (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意[you3 yi4] intentional)
谁	shéi	who; also pr. [shui2]
改	gǎi	to change; to alter; to transform; to correct
得了	dé le	all right!; that's enough!
百分之	bǎi fēn zhī	percent
八十	bā shí	eighty; 80
人	rén	person; people; CL:個\|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
就要	jìu yào	will; shall; to be going to
下降	xià jiàng	to decline; to drop; to fall; to go down; to decrease
会	huì	can; to have the skill; to know how to; to be likely to; to be sure to; to meet; to get together; meeting; gathering; (suffix) union; group; association; (bound form) a moment (Tai…
丧	sǎng	mourning; (old) corpse
失	shī	to lose; to miss; to fail
人心	rén xīn	popular feeling; the will of the people
路	Lù	surname Lu
走	zǒu	to walk; to go; to run; to move (of vehicle); to visit; to leave; to go away; to die (euph.); from; through; away (in compound verbs, such as 撤走[che4 zou3]); to change (shape, form…
对了	duì le	Correct!; Oh, that's right, ... (when one suddenly remembers sth one wanted to mention); Oh, by the way, ...
赞成	zàn chéng	to approve; to endorse; (literary) to assist
长期	cháng qī	long-term; for a protracted period
影响	yǐng xiǎng	influence; effect; to influence; to affect (usually adversely); to disturb; CL:股[gu3]
主体	zhǔ tǐ	main part; bulk; body; subject; agent
必须	bì xū	to have to; must; compulsory; necessarily
但	dàn	but; yet; however; still; merely; only; just
允许	yǔn xǔ	to permit; to allow
某些	mǒu xiē	some; certain (things)
区	Oū	surname Ou
域	yǔ	field; area
比如	Bǐ rú	see 比如縣\|比如县[Bi3 ru2 Xian4]
一些	yī xiē	some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er
城市	chéng shì	city; town; CL:座[zuo4]
外资	wài zī	foreign investment; foreign capital
进入	jìn rù	to enter; to join; to go into
作为	zuò wéi	one's conduct; deed; activity; accomplishment; achievement; to act as; as (in the capacity of); qua; to view as; to look upon (sth as); to take sth to be
补	bǔ	to repair; to patch; to mend; to make up for; to fill (a vacancy); to supplement
充	chong	sufficient; full; to serve as; to act as
有利于	yǒu lì yú	to be advantageous to; to be beneficial for
生产力	shēng chǎn lì	production capability; productive force; productivity
到	dào	to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoug…
上海	Shàng hǎi	Shanghai municipality (short name 滬\|沪[Hu4])
当然	dāng rán	only natural; as it should be; certainly; of course; without doubt
整	zhěng	(bound form) whole; complete; entire; (before a measure word) whole; (before or after number + measure word) exactly; (bound form) in good order; tidy; neat; (bound form) to put in…
个	gě	used in 自個兒\|自个儿[zi4 ge3 r5]; variant of 個\|个[ge4]
都	Dū	surname Du
深	shēn	old variant of 深[shen1]; (lit. and fig.) deep
圳
还是	hái shi	still (as before); had better; unexpectedly; or
构	gǒu	to reach by stretching
想	xiǎng	to think (about); to think of; to devise; to think (that); to believe (that); to desire; to want (to); to miss (feel wistful about the absence of)
根	gēn	root; basis; classifier for long slender objects, e.g. cigarettes, guitar strings; CL:條\|条[tiao2]; radical (chemistry)
据	jǔ	according to; based on; evidence
自己	zì jǐ	oneself; (attributive) one's own
成为	chéng wéi	to become; to turn into
上	shǎng	used in 上聲\|上声[shang3 sheng1]
注	zhù	(bound form) to pour into; to flow into; to inject; (bound form) to focus (one's spirit, gaze etc) on a single point; to concentrate; (bound form) stake (in gambling); classifier f…; to annotate; to provide explanatory notes on a written text; an annotation; an explanatory note; (bound form) to put on record; to register
意	yì	(bound form) idea; thought; meaning; sense; (bound form) intention; feeling; inclination; state of mind; (bound form) Italy (abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
出路	chū lù	a way out (lit. and fig.); opportunity for advancement; a way forward; outlet (for one's products)
何	Hé	surname He
呢	ne	(sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?"); (sentence-final particle) indicating that a state or situation…
吞	tun	to swallow
掉	diào	to fall; to drop; to lag behind; to lose; to go missing; to reduce; fall (in prices); to lose (value, weight etc); to wag; to swing; to turn; to change; to exchange; to swap; to sh…
宣	xuan	to declare; to announce; to publicize; to spread
扬	Yáng	abbr. for Yangzhou 揚州\|扬州[Yang2 zhou1] in Jiangsu; surname Yang; variant of 揚\|扬[yang2]
三民	Sān mín	see 三民區\|三民区[San1 min2 Qu1]
不好	bù hǎo	no good
平	Píng	surname Ping
只有	zhǐ yǒu	only have ...; there is only ...; (used in combination with 才[cai2]) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈\|只有通过治疗才能痊愈[zhi3 you3 tong1 guo4 zhi4 liao2 cai2 neng2 qu…
武力	wǔ lì	military force
不利	bù lì	unfavorable; disadvantageous; harmful; detrimental
实现	shí xiàn	to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about
统	tóng	to gather; to unify
民族	mín zú	nationality; ethnic group
愿	yuàn	honest and prudent; variant of 願\|愿[yuan4]; (bound form) wish; hope; desire; to be willing; to wish (that sth may happen); may ...; vow; pledge
望	wàng	full moon; to hope; to expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); to look towards; towards; 15th day of month (lunar calendar); old variant of 望[wang4]
百年	bǎi nián	hundred years; century; (fig.) a whole lifetime; a person's whole life
千年	qiān nián	millennium
要	yāo	(bound form) to demand; to coerce
怎	zěn	how
么	má	exclamatory final particle; variant of 麼\|么[me5]
看	kān	to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard
世界	shì jiè	world
列	liè	to arrange; to line up; file; series; (in data tables) column; (Tw) row
争端	zhēng duān	dispute; controversy; conflict
面临	miàn lín	to face sth; to be confronted with
着	zhāo	variant of 著\|着[zhao1]; a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]); trick; tactic; (dialect) okay; all right; (dialect) to put in; to add
平方	píng fāng	square (as in square foot, square mile, square root)
式	shì	type; form; pattern; style
非	Fēi	abbr. for 非洲[Fei1 zhou1], Africa
总	zǒng	(bound form) general; overall; to sum up; in every case; always; invariably; anyway; after all; eventually; sooner or later; surely; (after a person's name) abbr. for 總經理\|总经理[zong3…
得	dé	to obtain; to get; to gain; to catch (a disease); proper; suitable; proud; contented; to allow; to permit; ready; finished
找出	zhǎo chū	to find; to search out
新	Xīn	abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆[Xin1 jiang1]; abbr. for Singapore 新加坡[Xin1 jia1 po1]; surname Xin
成功	chéng gōng	to succeed; success; successful; fruitful
事	shì	matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁\|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
例	lì	example; precedent; rule; case; instance
许多	xǔ duō	many; a lot of; much
提	dī	used in 提防[di1 fang5] and 提溜[di1 liu5]
供	gong	to provide; to supply
有益	yǒu yì	useful; beneficial; profitable
线	xiàn	variant of 線\|线[xian4]; thread; string; wire; line; CL:條\|条[tiao2],股[gu3],根[gen1]; (after a number) tier (unofficial ranking of a Chinese city)
索	suó	rope; to search for; to demand; to exact; to reduce; surname Suo
历	lì	old variant of 曆\|历[li4]; old variant of 歷\|历[li4]; calendar; to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; history
史	Shǐ	surname Shi
哪	nǎ	how; which
这么	zhè me	so much; this much; how much?; this way; like this
开明	kāi míng	enlightened; open-minded; enlightenment
西方	Xī fāng	the West; the Occident; Western countries
做	zuò	to make; to produce; to write; to compose; to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc); (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, frien…
一时	yī shí	a period of time; a while; for a short while; temporary; momentary; at the same time
感	gǎn	to feel; to move; to touch; to affect; feeling; emotion; (suffix) sense of ~
情	qíng	(bound form) feelings; emotion; sentiment; passion; (bound form) situation; condition
冲	chong	(of water) to dash against; to infuse; to flush; to rise in the air; to collide with
动	dòng	(of sth) to move; to set in movement; to displace; to touch; to make use of; to stir (emotions); to alter; abbr. for 動詞\|动词[dong4 ci2], verb
玩弄	wán nòng	to play with; to toy with; to dally with; to engage in; to resort to
手	shǒu	hand; (formal) to hold; person engaged in certain types of work; person skilled in certain types of work; personal(ly); convenient; classifier for skill; CL:雙\|双[shuang1],隻\|只[zhi1]
完全	wán quán	complete; whole; totally; entirely
分	fēn	to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to distinguish (good and bad); (bound form) branch of (an organization); sub- (as in 分局[fen1 ju2]); fraction; one tenth (of cert…
照顾	zhào gu	to take care of; to show consideration; to attend to; to look after
现实	xiàn shí	reality; actuality; real; actual; realistic; pragmatic; materialistic; self-interested
相	Xiāng	surname Xiang
信	xìn	letter; mail; CL:封[feng1]; to trust; to believe; to profess faith in; truthful; confidence; trust; at will; at random
中国人	Zhōng guó rén	Chinese person
治	zhì	to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
理	lǐ	texture; grain (of wood); inner essence; intrinsic order; reason; logic; truth; science; natural science (esp. physics); to manage; to pay attention to; to run (affairs); to handle…
好	hǎo	good; appropriate; proper; all right!; (before a verb) easy to; (before a verb) good to; (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so; (verb complement indicating completion); (…
力	Lì	surname Li
管	guǎn	variant of 管[guan3]; surname Guan
老	lǎo	prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity; old (of people); venerabl…
殖民	zhí mín	colony; colonial
遗	yī	(bound form) to leave behind
留下	líu xià	to leave behind; to stay behind; to remain; to keep; not to let (sb) go
思想	sī xiǎng	thought; thinking; idea; ideology; CL:個\|个[ge4]
状	zhuàng	(bound form) form; appearance; shape; (bound form) state; condition; (bound form) to describe; (bound form) written complaint; lawsuit; (bound form) certificate
态	tài	(bound form); appearance; shape; form; state; attitude; (grammar) voice
鸦片	yā piàn	(loanword) opium
战争	zhàn zhēng	war; conflict; CL:場\|场[chang2],次[ci4]
以	yǐ	old variant of 以[yi3]; abbr. for Israel 以色列[Yi3 se4 lie4]
多	duō	many; much; more; a lot of; too many; in excess; (after a numeral) ... odd; how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]); (bound form) multi-; poly-
世纪	shì jì	century
里	lǐ	variant of 裡\|里[li3]; lining; interior; inside; internal; also written 裏\|里[li3]; surname Li
外国人	wài guó rén	foreigner
看不起	kàn bu qǐ	to look down upon; to despise
侮
辱	rǔ	disgrace; dishonor; to insult; to bring disgrace or humiliation to; to be indebted to; self-deprecating; Taiwan pr. [ru4]
建立	jiàn lì	to establish; to set up; to found
形象	xíng xiàng	image; form; figure; CL:個\|个[ge4]; visualization; vivid
今天	jīn tiān	today; the present time; now
晚清	wǎn Qīng	the late Qing; late 19th and early 20th century China
北洋军	Běi yáng jūn	north China army, a modernizing Western-style army set up during late Qing, and a breeding ground for the Northern Warlords after the Qinghai revolution
阀
蒋
氏	shì	(bound form) family name; surname (as in 王氏[Wang2 shi4] "the Wang clan"); (bound form) maiden name; née (as in 李王氏[Li3 Wang2 shi4] "Mrs. Li, née Wang"); (bound form) honorific suff…
父子	fù zǐ	father and son
创	chuǎng	to start; to create; to initiate (chuang4); wound; trauma (chuang1)
造	zǎo	to make; to manufacture; to fabricate; party (in a lawsuit or legal agreement); classifier for crops
凡是	fán shì	each and every; every; all; any
儿女	ér nu:3	children; sons and daughters; a young man and a young woman (in love)
不管	bù guǎn	not to be concerned; regardless of; no matter
穿	chuān	to bore through; to pierce; to perforate; to go through (e.g. a tunnel); to cross (e.g. a street); to thread; to string together; to wear; to put on (clothes, shoes etc.); verb com…
什	shén	what
服装	fú zhuāng	dress; clothing; costume; clothes; CL:身[shen1]
起码	qǐ mǎ	at the minimum; at the very least
自豪	zì háo	proud (of one's achievements etc)
香港人	Xiāng gǎng rén	Hong Kong person or people
要有	yào yǒu	to need; to require; must have
自	zì	(bound form) self; oneself; from; since; naturally; as a matter of course
过去	guò qù	(in the) past; former; previous; to go over; to pass by
繁荣	fán róng	prosperous; booming
主要	zhǔ yào	main; principal; major; primary
是以	shì yǐ	therefore; thus; so
为主	wéi zhǔ	to rely mainly on; to attach most importance to
体	tī	used in 體己\|体己[ti1 ji5]; Taiwan pr. [ti3]
干	gān	old variant of 乾\|干[gan1]; surname Gan; variant of 乾\|干[gan1]; tree trunk; main part of sth; to manage; to work; to do; capable; cadre; to kill (slang); to fuck (vulgar); (coll.) pissed off; annoyed
智力	zhì lì	intelligence; intellect
不比	bù bǐ	unlike
差	chā	difference; discrepancy; (math.) difference (amount remaining after a subtraction); (literary) a little; somewhat; slightly
低	dī	low; beneath; to lower (one's head); to let droop; to hang down; to incline
不要	bù yào	don't!; must not
以为	yǐ wéi	to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief)
才干	cái gàn	ability; competence
谓	wěi	to say; to call; to be called; meaning; so-called
没有	méi yǒu	haven't; hasn't; doesn't exist; to not have; to not be
这不	zhè bu	(coll.) As a matter of fact, ... (used to introduce evidence for what one has just asserted)
真正	zhēn zhèng	genuine; real; true; really; indeed
意见	yì jiàn	idea; opinion; suggestion; objection; complaint; CL:點\|点[dian3],條\|条[tiao2]
目前	mù qián	at the present time; currently
中英	Zhōng Yīng	Sino-British; Chinese-English
谈	Tán	surname Tan
判	pǎn	(bound form) to differentiate; to distinguish; to judge; to decide; to grade
内容	nèi róng	content; substance; details; CL:項\|项[xiang4]
公布	gōng bù	variant of 公布[gong1 bu4]
中	Zhōng	(bound form) China; Chinese; surname Zhong
央	yāng	center; end; to beg; to plead
解	Xiè	surname Xie
一旦	yī dàn	in case (sth happens); if; once (sth happens, then...); when; in a short time; in one day
了解	liǎo jiě	to understand; to know about; to learn about; to find out
国务院	Guó wù yuàn	(PRC) State Council; (USA) State Department
第	dì	(prefix indicating ordinal number, as in 第六[di4 liu4] "sixth"); (literary) grades in which successful candidates in the imperial examinations were placed; (old) residence of a high…
六	lìu	six; 6
届	jiě	to arrive at (place or time); to become due
二次	èr cì	second (i.e. number two); second time; twice; (math.) quadratic (of degree two)
议	yǐ	to comment on; to suggest
报	bào	to report; to inform; to announce; to respond; to reply; to sign up for; to register for (abbr. for 報名\|报名[bao4 ming2]); to reward; to recompense; to take revenge; to retaliate; new…
告	gào	(bound form) to say; to tell; to announce; to report; to denounce; to file a lawsuit; to sue
布	bù	variant of 布[bu4]; to announce; to spread; cloth; to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known
经	Jīng	surname Jing
严	yān	strict; severe; tight; rigorous; father (formal); surname Yan
肃	sǔ	solemn; respectful; to eliminate; surname Su
还有	hái yǒu	there still remain(s); there is (or are) still; in addition
任	Rén	surname Ren
那末	nà me	variant of 那麼\|那么[na4 me5]
一切	yī qiè	everything; every; all
谈不上	tán bu shàng	to be out of the question
让	ràng	to yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被[bei4])
否	fóu	to negate; not
则	zé	(literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifie…
决不	jué bù	not at all; simply (can) not
答应	dā ying	to answer; to respond; to answer positively; to agree; to accept; to promise
港人	Gǎng rén	Hong Kong person or people
港	Gǎng	Hong Kong (abbr. for 香港[Xiang1 gang3]); surname Gang
界线	jiè xiàn	limits; bounds; dividing line
标	biao	mark; label; to bear (a brand name, registration number etc); award; target; (old) the topmost branches of a tree; classifier for military units
准	zhǔn	to allow; to grant; in accordance with; in the light of; accurate; standard; definitely; certainly; about to become (bride, son-in-law etc); quasi-; para-
由	yóu	to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...
爱国者	Aì guó zhě	MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile
未	wèi	not yet; did not; have not; not; 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep; ancient Chinese compass point: 210°
成分	chéng fèn	composition; ingredient; element; component; one's social status
容纳	róng nà	to hold; to contain; to accommodate; to tolerate (different opinions)
别的	bié de	else; other
聘	pǐn	to employ; to appoint; (coll.) (of a woman) to get married; to be marrried off; Taiwan pr. [ping4]
请	qǐng	to ask; to invite; please (do sth); to treat (to a meal etc); to request
当	dāng	(onom.) dong; ding dong (bell); to be; to act as; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; should; match equally; equal; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at
顾问	gù wèn	adviser; consultant
叫	jiào	to shout; to call; to order; to ask; to be called; by (indicates agent in the passive mood); variant of 叫[jiao4]
尊重	zūn zhòng	to esteem; to respect; to honor; to value; eminent; serious; proper
诚	chēng	(bound form) sincere; authentic
拥护	yōng hù	to endorse; to support
祖国	zǔ guó	motherland
损	sún	(bound form) to decrease; to diminish; (coll.) to ridicule; to deride
害	hài	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
稳	wén	settled; steady; stable
定	dìng	to fix; to set; to make definite; to subscribe to (a newspaper etc); to book (tickets etc); to order (goods etc); to congeal; to coagulate; (literary) definitely
只要	zhǐ yào	so long as; provided; if
具备	jù bèi	to possess; to have; equipped with; able to fulfill (conditions or requirements)
这些	zhè xiē	these
条	tiáo	strip; item; article; clause (of law or treaty); classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc)
件	jiàn	item; component; classifier for events, things, clothes etc
封建主	fēng jiàn zhǔ	feudal ruler
义	Yì	surname Yi; (Tw) Italy (abbr. for 義大利\|义大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
甚至	shèn zhì	even; so much so that
奴隶主	nú lì zhǔ	slave owner
爱	ài	to love; to be fond of; to like; affection; to be inclined (to do sth); to tend to (happen)
十三	shí sān	thirteen; 13
起	qǐ	to rise; to raise; to get up; to set out; to start; to appear; to launch; to initiate (action); to draft; to establish; to get (from a depot or counter); verb suffix, to start; sta…
逐步	zhú bù	progressively; step by step
好过	hǎo guò	to have an easy time; (feel) well
渡	dǔ	to cross; to ferry
时期	shí qī	period; phase; CL:個\|个[ge4]
出现	chū xiàn	to appear; to arise; to emerge; to show up
波动	bō dòng	to undulate; to fluctuate; wave motion; rise and fall
曲	Qū	surname Qu; variant of 麴\|曲[qu1]; fermentation starter; leaven (molds, yeasts or bacteria used in fermenting soy products or brewing etc); Taiwan pr. [qu2]
折	zhē	to snap; (bound form) to sustain a loss (in business)
二	èr	two; 2; (Beijing dialect) stupid
顺利	shùn lì	smoothly; without a hitch
地接	dì jiē	local guide; tour escort
各界	gè jiè	all walks of life; all social circles
人士	rén shì	person; figure; public figure
为此	wèi cǐ	for this reason; with regards to this; in this respect; in order to do this; to this end
作出	zuò chū	to put out; to come up with; to make (a choice, decision, proposal, response, comment etc); to issue (a permit, statement, explanation, apology, reassurance to the public etc); to …
努力	nǔ lì	to make an effort; to try hard; to strive; hard-working; conscientious

The position, principles and policies adopted by the Chinese government to resolve the Hong Kong issue are unwavering. We have said many times that after the restoration of our government’s sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, the current social and economic system of Hong Kong will remain unchanged, the laws will remain basically unchanged, and [Hong Kong’s] way of life will remain unchanged. The status of Hong Kong’s free port as a center of international trade and finance will remain unchanged, and Hong Kong can continue to maintain and develop economic relations with other countries and regions. We have also said many times that Beijing will not send government cadres to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, except for troops, and this too will not change. We are sending troops to maintain national security, not to interfere in Hong Kong’s internal affairs. Our policy towards Hong Kong has remained unchanged for 50 years, so we do not say this lightly.

The “one country, two systems” policy that we are implementing, speaking specifically, means that in the People’s Republic of China, our one billion-strong population will implement the socialist system, but Hong Kong and Taiwan will have a capitalist system. In recent years, China has been overcoming the mistakes of the “left”, insisting on proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts, to formulate policies in all aspects of our work. After five and a half years, this is now paying off. It was precisely because of this situation that we proposed to use the “one country, two systems” approach to resolve the Hong Kong and Taiwan issues.

“One Country, Two Systems”, as we have said many times, has already been passed by the National People’s Congress. Some people worry about whether or not this policy will change, I say it will not change. The core issue, the deciding factor, is whether this policy is right. If it is wrong, it may change. If it is right, it will not change. Furthermore, China has implemented a policy of opening up to the outside world and invigorating the economy at home. Who can change this? If it changes, the [quality of] life of 80% of China’s people will decline, and we will lose our hearts. As long as our way is right, and the people approve, then it will not change.

Our policy towards Hong Kong has remained unchanged for a long time, and it will not affect socialism on the mainland. China must always principally be socialist, but allow certain regions of the country to implement a capitalist system, such as Hong Kong and Taiwan. If the mainland opens up some cities and allows some foreign capital to enter, this is complementary to the socialist economy and is conducive to the development of socialist production. For example, if foreign capital [is allowed] into Shanghai, it is of course not the case that capitalism will be implemented throughout Shanghai. Shenzhen too, it will still implement the socialist system. China is principally socialist.

The concept of “One Country, Two Systems” was put forward by us in light of China’s [domestic] situation, and it has now become a matter of international attention. China has issues with Hong Kong and Taiwan, where is the solution to these problems? Should socialism devour Taiwan, or should the “Three People’s Principles” promoted by Taiwan devour the mainland? No one can devour anyone. If these [issues] cannot be resolved peacefully, they can only be solved by force, which is detrimental to all parties. The realization of national reunification is the desire of the people, even if we aren’t unified in 100 years, we will be unified within 1000 years. As for how to solve this problem, I think the only [way] is the implementation of “One Country, Two Systems”. [When considering how to solve many] of this world’s disputes, we are faced with the issue of whether to resolve them by peaceful means or by non-peaceful means. A solution must always be found, and new problems require new solutions. The successful resolution of the Hong Kong issue may provide some useful clues [that may help to] resolve many international issues. From the perspective of world history, which government has formulated such enlightened policies? From the perspective of capitalist history, from the perspective of Western countries, which country has done this? We adopted the “one country, two systems” approach to resolve the Hong Kong issue not [based on] momentary emotional impulse or trickery, but entirely based on reality and with full consideration of Hong Kong’s historical and actual [present] circumstances.

We must believe that the Chinese of Hong Kong can govern Hong Kong well. The belief that the Chinese do not have the ability to manage Hong Kong well is a state of mind left over from old colonialism. For more than a century since the Opium War, foreigners looked down on and insulted the Chinese. After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the image of China has changed. China’s image today was not created by the late Qing government, nor by the Northern Warlords, or by the Chiang Kai-shek and his son. It is the People’s Republic of China that has changed China’s image. All Chinese children, no matter what clothes they wear, no matter what their positions, [carry] the pride of the Chinese nation. Hong Kong people also [carry] this national pride. Hong Kong’s people can manage Hong Kong well, we must have this self-confidence. Hong Kong’s past prosperity was the work of Hong Kong’s people who were principally Chinese. The intelligence of the Chinese is not lower than that of foreigners, the Chinese are not inferior, so don’t always think that only foreign talents are [capable of] doing well. Believe that we Chinese can do well ourselves. Hong Kong’s so-called lack of self-confidence, this is not really what Hong Kongers believe.

At present, no announcement has been made regarding the contents of the Sino-British negotiations. Many Hong Kong people do not understand the policies of the Central Government. Once they really understand it, they will be completely confident. Our policy regarding the resolution of the Hong Kong issue was announced by the Premier of the State Council in the Government Work Report of the second session of the Sixth National People’s Congress. It was adopted by the General Assembly and is a very serious matter. If there are still those discussing the issue of confidence, those who have no sense of trust in the People’s Republic of China, no sense of trust in the Chinese government, then nothing else can be said [at present]. We believe that Hong Kong people can govern Hong Kong well, we cannot continue to let foreigners rule, to anything else the people Hong Kong people will never agree.

There will be boundaries and standards for [the type of] Hong Kongers [that will] rule Hong Kong, that is, patriotic Hong Kongers must primarily govern Hong Kong. In the future, the main component of the Hong Kong SAR government will be patriots. Of course, other people must also be accommodated. Foreigners can also be hired as consultants. What is a patriot? A patriot respects his own nation and sincerely supports the motherland’s restoration of its sovereignty over Hong Kong without compromising Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability. As long as these conditions are met, whether they believe in capitalism, feudalism, or even slavery, they are all patriots. We do not require them all to approve of China’s socialist system, only that they love the motherland and Hong Kong.

Thirteen years remain until 1997, and from now on issues arising during the transition period must be resolved gradually. During the transition period, one [issue] is to avoid major fluctuations and major twists and turns to maintain Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability; the other is to create the conditions [necessary] for Hong Kong people to take over the government smoothly. People from all walks of life in Hong Kong must make efforts to this end.