啤酒是人类最古老的酒精饮料，是水和茶之后世界上消耗量排名第三的饮品。
关于啤酒的起源你知道多少？
最古老的啤酒又是如何酿造出来的呢？
人类喝啤酒的历史非常悠久，人们认为啤酒不仅营养丰富，还是水的安全替代品。
喝酒或许还帮助人们变得更有创造性，促进了语言、艺术和宗教的发展。
这是因为酒精使人们放下拘束，感到更有精神。
人类喝啤酒的最早证据出现在9000年前的中国北方。
这种古老的啤酒是用大米、葡萄等制作的，是目前已经知道的最古老的酿造饮品。
埃及人在大约公元前5000年开始酿造啤酒，他们使用的是大枣、石榴和一些当地的植物。
在大约公元前3150年，埃及人建造了酿酒厂，为修建金字塔的工人供应啤酒。
后来啤酒从中东传到了欧洲，逐渐成为了我们今天熟悉的酒类。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
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| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 啤酒 | pí jiǔ | beer (loanword) |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 人类 | rén lèi | humanity / human race / mankind |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 古老 | gǔ lǎo | ancient / old / age-old |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 酒精 | jiǔ jīng | (coll.) ethanol; ethyl alcohol |
| 饮料 | yǐn liào | drink / beverage |
| 水 | shuǐ | water / (after a name) ... River / (bound form) additional cost; extra income |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 茶 | chá | tea / tea plant |
| 之 | zhī | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]) |
| 后 | hòu | afterwards / after |
| 世界 | shì jiè | world |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 消耗 | xiāo hào | to consume; to use up / to deplete; to expend |
| 量 | liàng | capacity / quantity / amount |
| 排名 | pái míng | to rank (1st, 2nd etc) |
| 第 | dì | (prefix indicating ordinal number) |
| 三 | sān | three / 3 |
| 饮品 | yǐn pǐn | beverage |
| 关于 | guān yú | pertaining to / concerning / with regard to / about / a matter of |
| 起源 | qǐ yuán | origin |
| 你 | nǐ | you |
| 知道 | zhī dào | to know; to become aware of |
| 多少 | duō shao | how much?; how many? / what number? |
| 又 | yòu | also |
| 如何 | rú hé | how / what way / what |
| 酿造 | niàng zào | to brew / to make (wine, vinegar, soybean paste etc) by fermentation |
| 出来 | chu lai | (after a verb, indicates coming out, completion of an action, or ability to discern or detect) |
| 呢 | ne | (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") |
| 喝 | hē | to drink |
| 历史 | lì shǐ | history |
| 非常 | fēi cháng | very; really |
| 悠久 | yōu jiǔ | long (tradition, history etc) |
| 人们 | rén men | people |
| 认为 | rèn wéi | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel |
| 不仅 | bù jǐn | not just; not limited to / (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...) |
| 营养 | yíng yǎng | nutrition / nourishment |
| 丰富 | fēng fù | rich / plentiful / abundant |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 安全 | ān quán | safe; secure |
| 替代品 | tì dài pǐn | substitute / alternative |
| 酒 | jiǔ | wine (esp. rice wine) / liquor / spirits / alcoholic beverage |
| 或许 | huò xǔ | perhaps; maybe |
| 帮助 | bāng zhù | to help; to assist |
| 变 | biàn | to change / to become different / to transform / to vary |
| 得 | de | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 创造 | chuàng zào | to create / to bring about / to produce / to set (a record) |
| 性 | xìng | suffix forming adjective from verb / suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity |
| 促进 | cù jìn | to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 语言 | yǔ yán | language |
| 艺术 | yì shù | art |
| 宗教 | zōng jiào | religion |
| 发展 | fā zhǎn | development / growth |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 使 | shǐ | to make / to cause / to enable |
| 放 | fàng | to release / to free / to let go / to let out |
| 下 | xià | down / downwards / below |
| 拘束 | jū shù | constrained / awkward / ill at ease / uncomfortable / reticent |
| 感 | gǎn | to feel |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 精神 | jīng shen | vigor; vitality |
| 早 | zǎo | early |
| 证据 | zhèng jù | evidence / proof / testimony |
| 出现 | chū xiàn | to appear / to arise / to emerge / to show up |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 前 | qián | ago / before / BC / former / formerly |
| 中国 | Zhōng guó | China |
| 北方 | běi fāng | north / the northern part a country / China north of the Yellow River |
| 种 | zhǒng | classifier for types, kinds, sorts |
| 用 | yòng | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using |
| 大米 | dà mǐ | (husked) rice |
| 葡萄 | pú tao | grape |
| 等 | děng | and so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration) |
| 制作 | zhì zuò | to make; to manufacture |
| 目前 | mù qián | at the present time / currently |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | already |
| 埃及 | Āi jí | Egypt |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 大约 | dà yuē | approximately |
| 公元 | gōng yuán | CE (Common Era) / Christian Era / AD (Anno Domini) |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 他们 | tā men | they; them |
| 使用 | shǐ yòng | to use / to employ / to apply / to make use of |
| 大枣 | dà zǎo | jujube; Chinese date |
| 石榴 | shí liu | pomegranate |
| 一些 | yī xiē | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er |
| 当地 | dāng dì | local |
| 植物 | zhí wù | plant / vegetation |
| 建造 | jiàn zào | to construct; to build |
| 酿酒 | niàng jiǔ | to make a fermented drink |
| 厂 | chǎng | factory / yard / depot / workhouse / works / (industrial) plant |
| 为 | wèi | because of / for / to |
| 修建 | xiū jiàn | to build / to construct |
| 金字塔 | jīn zì tǎ | pyramid (building or structure) |
| 工人 | gōng rén | worker |
| 供应 | gōng yìng | to supply; to provide (goods, services etc) |
| 后来 | hòu lái | afterwards; later |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 中东 | Zhōng dōng | Middle East |
| 传 | chuán | to pass on / to spread / to transmit / to infect / to transfer / to circulate / to conduct (electricity) |
| 欧洲 | Ōu zhōu | Europe |
| 逐渐 | zhú jiàn | gradually |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 今天 | jīn tiān | the present time; now |
| 熟悉 | shú xi | to be familiar with; to know well |
| 类 | lèi | kind; type; class; category / (classifier) kind; type |