2008年的金融危机给世界经济带来了深远影响,甚至在十年以后,还在影响着美国大学生对于专业的选择。
如今,因为害怕失业,大学生们倾向于选择职业前景明朗且更加实用的计算机科学和金融等专业,而历史学、文学、哲学等人文学科专业则进入了漫长的衰退期,即便经济复苏也很难再现往日的兴盛局面。
美国高等教育,在金融危机的冲击下产生了重大改变。
金融危机以后,因为对变幻莫测的劳动力市场的恐惧,美国大学生纷纷放弃学习人文学科,而选择容易就业的专业。
历史专业的学生数量变化就是个很有说服力的例子。
从1998年到2007年,获得历史专业学位的大学毕业生平均占2%。
到2017年,这一数字降到了约1%。
其他的人文学科专业也经历了学生数量的锐减。
哪些专业取代了人文学科的位置呢?
大部分是职业前景明朗的专业。
2017年毕业的2.5万多名大学生就读的20个专业中,人数增长最快的是运动科学,其次是护理和其他健康医疗专业,还有计算机科学。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
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| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 年 | nián | year |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 金融 | jīn róng | financial |
| 危机 | wēi jī | crisis |
| 给 | gěi | to / for / for the benefit of / to do sth (for sb) |
| 世界 | shì jiè | world |
| 经济 | jīng jì | economy |
| 带 | dài | to wear / to carry / to take along / to bear / to bring |
| 来 | lái | hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker) |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 深远 | shēn yuǎn | far-reaching / profound and long-lasting |
| 影响 | yǐng xiǎng | influence / effect |
| 甚至 | shèn zhì | even; so much so that |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 十 | shí | ten / 10 |
| 以后 | yǐ hòu | after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 着 | zhe | aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state |
| 美国 | Měi guó | United States; USA; US |
| 大学生 | dà xué shēng | university student; college student |
| 对于 | duì yú | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to |
| 专业 | zhuān yè | specialty / specialized field / main field of study (at university) / major |
| 选择 | xuǎn zé | choice; option; alternative |
| 如今 | rú jīn | nowadays; now |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 害怕 | hài pà | to be afraid; to be scared |
| 失业 | shī yè | to lose one's job |
| 们 | men | plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals |
| 倾向 | qīng xiàng | trend / tendency / orientation |
| 于 | yú | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by |
| 职业 | zhí yè | occupation; profession; vocation |
| 前景 | qián jǐng | foreground / vista / (future) prospects / perspective |
| 明朗 | míng lǎng | bright / clear / obvious / forthright / open-minded / bright and cheerful |
| 且 | qiě | and / moreover / yet / for the time being / both (... and...) |
| 更加 | gèng jiā | more (than sth else) / even more |
| 实用 | shí yòng | practical; functional; pragmatic; applied (science) |
| 计算机 | jì suàn jī | computer |
| 科学 | kē xué | science / scientific knowledge |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 等 | děng | and so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration) |
| 而 | ér | and / as well as |
| 历史学 | lì shǐ xué | history |
| 文学 | wén xué | literature |
| 哲学 | zhé xué | philosophy |
| 人文 | rén wén | humanities; culture; humanistic |
| 学科 | xué kē | subject / branch of learning / course / academic discipline |
| 则 | zé | (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then |
| 进入 | jìn rù | to enter / to join / to go into |
| 漫长 | màn cháng | very long / endless |
| 衰退 | shuāi tuì | a decline / recession (in economics) |
| 期 | qī | a period of time / phase / stage / time / term / period |
| 即便 | jí biàn | even if / even though / right away / immediately |
| 复苏 | fù sū | to recover (health, economic) / to resuscitate |
| 也 | yě | even (extreme or unexpected case) |
| 很 | hěn | very; quite |
| 难 | nán | difficult (to...) / difficult |
| 再现 | zài xiàn | to recreate / to reconstruct (a historical relic) |
| 往日 | wǎng rì | former days; the past |
| 兴盛 | xīng shèng | to flourish / to thrive |
| 局面 | jú miàn | aspect / phase / situation |
| 高等 | gāo děng | high-level / higher (animals, education etc) / advanced (math etc) |
| 教育 | jiào yù | education |
| 冲击 | chōng jī | shock / impact |
| 下 | xià | down / downwards / below |
| 产生 | chǎn shēng | to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate |
| 重大 | zhòng dà | great / important / major / significant |
| 改变 | gǎi biàn | to change / to alter / to transform |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 变幻莫测 | biàn huàn mò cè | unpredictable / erratic / treacherous |
| 劳动力 | láo dòng lì | labor force / manpower |
| 市场 | shì chǎng | (economics) market |
| 恐惧 | kǒng jù | fear / dread |
| 纷纷 | fēn fēn | one after another / in succession / one by one / continuously / in profusion / pell-mell |
| 放弃 | fàng qì | to renounce; to abandon; to give up |
| 学习 | xué xí | to learn / to study |
| 容易 | róng yì | easy; straightforward |
| 就业 | jiù yè | to get a job |
| 历史 | lì shǐ | history |
| 学生 | xué shēng | student / schoolchild |
| 数量 | shù liàng | amount; quantity / (math.) scalar quantity |
| 变化 | biàn huà | change; variation |
| 就 | jiù | merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 说服力 | shuō fú lì | persuasiveness |
| 例子 | lì zi | case / (for) instance / example |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 获得 | huò dé | to obtain; to receive; to get |
| 学位 | xué wèi | academic degree / place in school |
| 大学 | dà xué | university / college |
| 毕业生 | bì yè shēng | graduate |
| 平均 | píng jūn | average; on average |
| 占 | zhàn | to take possession of / to occupy / to take up |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 数字 | shù zì | numeral / digit / number / figure / amount |
| 降 | jiàng | to drop / to fall / to come down / to descend |
| 约 | yuē | approximately |
| 其他 | qí tā | other / (sth or sb) else / the rest |
| 经历 | jīng lì | to experience; to go through |
| 锐减 | ruì jiǎn | steep decline |
| 哪 | něi | which? (interrogative, followed by classifier or numeral-classifier) |
| 些 | xiē | classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several |
| 取代 | qǔ dài | to replace / to supersede / to supplant |
| 位置 | wèi zhì | position / place / seat |
| 呢 | ne | (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 部分 | bù fen | part; portion; piece |
| 毕业 | bì yè | to graduate / to finish school |
| 万 | wàn | ten thousand / a great number |
| 多 | duō | (after a numeral) ... odd |
| 名 | míng | classifier for people |
| 就读 | jiù dú | to go to school |
| 中 | zhōng | within; among; in |
| 人数 | rén shù | number of people |
| 增长 | zēng zhǎng | to grow; to increase |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 快 | kuài | rapid / quick |
| 运动 | yùn dòng | to exercise / sports / exercise |
| 其次 | qí cì | next / secondly |
| 护理 | hù lǐ | to nurse / to tend and protect |
| 健康 | jiàn kāng | health |
| 医疗 | yī liáo | medical treatment |