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Intuitive thinking and analytical thinking

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Intuitive thinking and analytical thinking

很多hěn duō时候shí hou,仅jǐn凭píng直觉zhí jué决策jué cè的de做法zuò fǎ会huì给gěi人rén不bù好hǎo的de印象yìn xiàng。

尤其yóu qí在zài西方Xī fāng国家guó jiā,过去guò qù几十jǐ shí年nián分析fēn xī思考sī kǎo一直yī zhí受到shòu dào推崇tuī chóng。

渐渐jiàn jiàn地de,许多xǔ duō人rén开始kāi shǐ认为rèn wéi人类rén lèi的de思维sī wéi已经yǐ jīng从cóng原始yuán shǐ的de、宗教zōng jiào的de,发展fā zhǎn成为chéng wéi分析fēn xī的de、科学kē xué的de思维sī wéi。

因此yīn cǐ,他们tā men觉得jué de人类rén lèi的de情绪qíng xù和hé直觉zhí jué是shì不bù靠谱kào pǔ的de。

事实shì shí上shàng,情绪qíng xù并非bìng fēi是shì应yīng被bèi忽略hū lüè不计bù jì,甚至shèn zhì应yīng被bèi理性lǐ xìng能力néng lì纠正jiū zhèng的de愚蠢yú chǔn反应fǎn yìng。

情绪qíng xù也yě是shì一yī种zhǒng对duì当下dāng xià经历jīng lì或huò思考sī kǎo的de评估píng gū。

从cóng这zhè个gè意义yì yì来说lái shuō,也yě是shì一yī种zhǒng信息xìn xī处理chǔ lǐ方式fāng shì。

直觉zhí jué或huò本能běn néng也yě是shì大脑dà nǎo处理chǔ lǐ大量dà liàng信息xìn xī的de结果jié guǒ。

研究yán jiū表明biǎo míng大脑dà nǎo是shì一yī个gè大型dà xíng预测yù cè机jī,不断bù duàn将jiāng传入chuán rù的de感官gǎn guān信息xìn xī、当下dāng xià经历jīng lì,对照duì zhào已yǐ储存chǔ cún在zài大脑dà nǎo中zhōng的de知识zhī shi和hé先前xiān qián经历jīng lì的de记忆jì yì,做zuò出chū比较bǐ jiào,然后rán hòu预测yù cè接下来jiē xià lái会huì发生fā shēng什么shén me事shì。

这zhè就jiù是shì科学家kē xué jiā所谓suǒ wèi的de“预测性yù cè xìng处理chǔ lǐ体系tǐ xì”。

这zhè就jiù确保què bǎo了le大脑dà nǎo时刻shí kè准备zhǔn bèi着zhe,尽量jǐn liàng以yǐ最佳zuì jiā方式fāng shì处理chǔ lǐ当前dāng qián情况qíng kuàng。

如果rú guǒ预测yù cè失shī准zhǔn(比如bǐ rú发生fā shēng一些yī xiē没méi预料yù liào到dào的de事shì),你nǐ的de大脑dà nǎo就jiù会huì更新gēng xīn自己zì jǐ的de认知rèn zhī模式mó shì。

当dāng你nǐ的de大脑dà nǎo对duì认知rèn zhī模式mó shì和hé现下xiàn xià经验jīng yàn做出zuò chū明显míng xiǎn的de匹配pǐ pèi或者huò zhě误wù配pèi时shí,就jiù产生chǎn shēng了le本能běn néng,不过bù guò你nǐ自己zì jǐ还hái意识yì shí不到bù dào。

如果rú guǒ你nǐ在zài特定tè dìng领域lǐng yù有yǒu大量dà liàng经验jīng yàn,大脑dà nǎo就jiù会huì有yǒu更多gèng duō的de信息xìn xī来lái比对bǐ duì当下dāng xià的de情况qíng kuàng。

这zhè就jiù让ràng你nǐ的de直觉zhí jué更gèng可靠kě kào。

也就是说yě jiù shì shuō,就jiù像xiàng创造chuàng zào力lì一样yī yàng,你nǐ的de本能běn néng会huì随着suí zhe经验jīng yàn而ér改善gǎi shàn。

许多xǔ duō人rén因为yīn wèi分析fēn xī思维sī wéi和hé直觉zhí jué思维sī wéi的de区别qū bié就jiù把bǎ两liǎng种zhǒng思考sī kǎo方式fāng shì视作shì zuò对立duì lì,非此即彼fēi cǐ jí bǐ。

其实qí shí,分析fēn xī思维sī wéi和hé直觉zhí jué思维sī wéi通常tōng cháng并bìng不bù相关xiāng guān,不过bù guò可以kě yǐ同时tóng shí发生fā shēng。

我们wǒ men应该yīng gāi承认chéng rèn,做zuò决策jué cè时shí,我们wǒ men应该yīng gāi兼顾jiān gù直觉zhí jué和hé分析fēn xī两liǎng种zhǒng思维sī wéi,认真rèn zhēn权衡quán héng此cǐ时shí二èr者zhě中zhōng哪něi一yī种zhǒng更gèng为wéi可靠kě kào。

Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.

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Vocabulary 187 words

ChinesePinyinEnglish
很多 hěn duōmany; a lot of
时候 shí houtime / length of time / moment / period
仅 jǐnbarely / only / merely
凭 píngon the basis of / no matter (how, what etc)
直觉 zhí juéintuition
决策 jué cèstrategic decision / decision-making / policy decision
的 depossessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression)
做法 zuò fǎway of handling sth / method for making / work method / recipe / practice
会 huìto be likely to; to be sure to
给 gěito give
人 rénperson; people
不 bùno; not so
好 hǎogood / appropriate; proper
印象 yìn xiàngimpression (sth that stays in one's mind) / a memory
尤其 yóu qíespecially; particularly
在 zài(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
西方 Xī fāngthe West / the Occident / Western countries
国家 guó jiācountry; nation; state
过去 guò qù(in the) past; former; previous
几十 jǐ shídozens; several tens; an approximate number in the tens
年 niányear
分析 fēn xīanalysis
思考 sī kǎoto reflect on / to ponder over
一直 yī zhístraight (in a straight line) / continuously; always; all the way through
受到 shòu dàoto receive (praise, an education, punishment etc); to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc)
推崇 tuī chóngto esteem / to think highly of / to accord importance to / to revere
渐渐 jiàn jiàngradually
地 de-ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
许多 xǔ duōmany / a lot of / much
开始 kāi shǐto begin / to start
认为 rèn wéito believe; to think; to consider; to feel
人类 rén lèihumanity / human race / mankind
思维 sī wéi(line of) thought; thinking
已经 yǐ jīngalready
从 cóngfrom; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor
原始 yuán shǐfirst / primitive
宗教 zōng jiàoreligion
发展 fā zhǎnto develop / to grow / to expand
成为 chéng wéito become; to turn into
科学 kē xuéscientific / rational
因此 yīn cǐthus; consequently; as a result
他们 tā menthey; them
觉得 jué deto think that ...; to feel that ...
情绪 qíng xùmood / state of mind / moodiness
和 héand; together with
是 shìto be (followed by substantives only)
靠谱 kào pǔreliable / reasonable / probable
事实 shì shífact
上 shàng(noun suffix) on; above
并非 bìng fēireally isn't
应 yīngshould / ought to / must / (legal) shall
被 bèiused to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes
忽略 hū lüèto neglect; to overlook; to ignore
不计 bù jìto disregard / to take no account of
甚至 shèn zhìeven; so much so that
理性 lǐ xìngreason / rationality
能力 néng lìcapability / ability
纠正 jiū zhèngto correct / to make right
愚蠢 yú chǔnsilly / stupid
反应 fǎn yìngreaction / response / reply / chemical reaction
也 yěalso; too; as well; (not ...) either
一 yīone / single / a (article)
种 zhǒngclassifier for types, kinds, sorts
对 duìtowards; at; for / concerning; regarding
当下 dāng xiàimmediately / at once / at that moment / at the moment
经历 jīng lìexperience
或 huòor
评估 píng gūassessment / evaluation
这 zhèthis; these
个 gèclassifier for people or objects in general
意义 yì yìsense / meaning / significance / importance
来说 lái shuōfor; from the point of view of; in the case of
信息 xìn xīinformation; news; message
处理 chǔ lǐto treat sth by a special process; to process
方式 fāng shìway; method; manner; mode; pattern (of behavior etc)
本能 běn nénginstinct
大脑 dà nǎobrain / cerebrum
大量 dà liànggreat amount / large quantity / bulk
结果 jié guǒoutcome; result; consequence
研究 yán jiūresearch / a study
表明 biǎo míngto make clear / to make known / to state clearly / to indicate
大型 dà xínglarge / large-scale
预测 yù cèto forecast / to predict
机 jī(bound form) machine; mechanism / (bound form) aircraft / (bound form) an opportunity / (bound form) crucial point; pivot
不断 bù duànunceasing / uninterrupted / continuous / constant
将 jiāng(introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把)
传入 chuán rùtransmitted inwards / afferent
感官 gǎn guānsense / sense organ
对照 duì zhàoto contrast / to compare / to place side by side for comparison (as parallel texts) / to check
已 yǐalready
储存 chǔ cúnto store / to stockpile
中 zhōngwithin; among; in
知识 zhī shiknowledge
先前 xiān qiánbefore; previously
记忆 jì yìmemory
做 zuòto make; to produce
出 chū(used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result)
比较 bǐ jiàocomparison
然后 rán hòuthen; after that; afterwards
接下来 jiē xià láinext / following
发生 fā shēngto happen; to occur; to take place; to break out
什么 shén mewhat?
事 shìmatter / thing / item / affair
就 jiùmerely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
科学家 kē xué jiāscientist
所谓 suǒ wèiwhat is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... / (derog.) so-called
预测性 yù cè xìngpredictive; having the ability to predict or anticipate
体系 tǐ xìsystem / setup
确保 què bǎoto ensure; to guarantee
了 le(completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
时刻 shí kèconstantly / always
准备 zhǔn bèito prepare / to intend / to be about to
着 zheaspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state
尽量 jǐn liàngas much as possible
以 yǐby means of / according to / in order to / because of / at
最佳 zuì jiāoptimum / optimal / peak / best
当前 dāng qiánthe present time
情况 qíng kuàngcircumstances; state of affairs; situation
如果 rú guǒif; in case; in the event that
失 shīto lose / to miss / to fail
准 zhǔnaccurate / standard / quasi- / para-
比如 bǐ rúfor example; for instance; such as
一些 yī xiēsome; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er
没 méi(negative prefix for verbs) have not; not
预料 yù liàoto forecast / to anticipate
到 dàoto reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point)
你 nǐyou
更新 gēng xīnto replace the old with new / to renew / to renovate / to upgrade / to update / to regenerate
自己 zì jǐoneself; (attributive) one's own
认知 rèn zhīcognition / understanding / perception / awareness
模式 mó shìmode; pattern; model
当 dāngwhen / during / ought / should / just at (a time or place) / on the spot / just at
现下 xiàn xiànow / at this moment
经验 jīng yànexperience
做出 zuò chūto put out / to issue
明显 míng xiǎnclear / distinct / obvious
匹配 pǐ pèimatching / compatible
或者 huò zhěor
误 wùmistakenly
配 pèito join / to fit / to mate / to mix / to match / to deserve / to make up (a prescription) / to allocate
时 shíwhen
产生 chǎn shēngto give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate
不过 bù guòbut / however
还 háistill, still in progress, yet
意识 yì shí(usu. followed by 到) to be aware of; to realize
不到 bù dàonot reaching / insufficient / less than
特定 tè dìngspecial; specific; designated; particular
领域 lǐng yùdomain; sphere; field; territory; area
有 yǒuto have; there is
更多 gèng duōmore; greater in amount, degree, or number
来 lái(between two verbs) in order to
比对 bǐ duìto verify by comparing
让 ràngto permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc)
更 gèngmore / even more / further / still / still more
可靠 kě kàoreliable
也就是说 yě jiù shì shuōin other words / that is to say / so / thus
像 xiàngto resemble / to be like / to look as if
创造 chuàng zàoto create / to bring about / to produce / to set (a record)
力 lìpower / force / strength / ability
一样 yī yàngjust like
随着 suí zhealong with / in the wake of / following
而 ér(indicates change of state)
改善 gǎi shànto make better; to improve
因为 yīn wèibecause; owing to; on account of
区别 qū biédifference
把 bǎ(used to put the object before the verb: 把[ba3] + {noun} + {verb})
两 liǎngtwo / both / some / a few
视作 shì zuòto regard as / to treat as
对立 duì lìantithetical / relative opposite / opposing / diametrical
非此即彼 fēi cǐ jí bǐeither this or that / one or the other
其实 qí shíactually; in fact; really
通常 tōng chángusually; normally
并 bìng(not) at all
相关 xiāng guānto be interrelated
可以 kě yǐcan / may / possible / able to
同时 tóng shíat the same time; simultaneously
我们 wǒ menwe; us; ourselves; our
应该 yīng gāiought to; should; must
承认 chéng rènto admit / to concede / to recognize / to acknowledge
兼顾 jiān gùto handle two or more responsibilities at the same time; to balance (career and family, or work and studies etc)
认真 rèn zhēnconscientious / earnest / serious
权衡 quán héngto consider / to weigh (a matter) / to balance (pros and cons)
此 cǐthis; these
二 èrtwo / 2
者 zhěto refer to sth mentioned previously) / (to mark a pause before defining the term)
哪 něiwhich? (interrogative, followed by classifier or numeral-classifier)
为 wéito take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do