很多时候,仅凭直觉决策的做法会给人不好的印象。
尤其在西方国家,过去几十年分析思考一直受到推崇。
渐渐地,许多人开始认为人类的思维已经从原始的、宗教的,发展成为分析的、科学的思维。
因此,他们觉得人类的情绪和直觉是不靠谱的。
事实上,情绪并非是应被忽略不计,甚至应被理性能力纠正的愚蠢反应。
情绪也是一种对当下经历或思考的评估。
从这个意义来说,也是一种信息处理方式。
直觉或本能也是大脑处理大量信息的结果。
研究表明大脑是一个大型预测机,不断将传入的感官信息、当下经历,对照已储存在大脑中的知识和先前经历的记忆,做出比较,然后预测接下来会发生什么事。
这就是科学家所谓的“预测性处理体系”。
这就确保了大脑时刻准备着,尽量以最佳方式处理当前情况。
如果预测失准(比如发生一些没预料到的事),你的大脑就会更新自己的认知模式。
当你的大脑对认知模式和现下经验做出明显的匹配或者误配时,就产生了本能,不过你自己还意识不到。
如果你在特定领域有大量经验,大脑就会有更多的信息来比对当下的情况。
这就让你的直觉更可靠。
也就是说,就像创造力一样,你的本能会随着经验而改善。
许多人因为分析思维和直觉思维的区别就把两种思考方式视作对立,非此即彼。
其实,分析思维和直觉思维通常并不相关,不过可以同时发生。
我们应该承认,做决策时,我们应该兼顾直觉和分析两种思维,认真权衡此时二者中哪一种更为可靠。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
narration saved locally, offline — from https://download.mandarinbean.com/audio?source=aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFmZmljLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vbGVhcm5jaGluZXNlL0ludHVpdGl2ZV90aGlua2luZ19hbmRfYW5hbHl0aWNhbF90aGlua2luZ18tXzYwMTQubXAz&filename=Intuitive-thinking-and-analytical-thinking.mp3&signature=6c89a7cb4782594676f8f13768432c285d0130b95d4554ed09f4fc33a02a0ad6
| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 很多 | hěn duō | many; a lot of |
| 时候 | shí hou | time / length of time / moment / period |
| 仅 | jǐn | barely / only / merely |
| 凭 | píng | on the basis of / no matter (how, what etc) |
| 直觉 | zhí jué | intuition |
| 决策 | jué cè | strategic decision / decision-making / policy decision |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 做法 | zuò fǎ | way of handling sth / method for making / work method / recipe / practice |
| 会 | huì | to be likely to; to be sure to |
| 给 | gěi | to give |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 不 | bù | no; not so |
| 好 | hǎo | good / appropriate; proper |
| 印象 | yìn xiàng | impression (sth that stays in one's mind) / a memory |
| 尤其 | yóu qí | especially; particularly |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 西方 | Xī fāng | the West / the Occident / Western countries |
| 国家 | guó jiā | country; nation; state |
| 过去 | guò qù | (in the) past; former; previous |
| 几十 | jǐ shí | dozens; several tens; an approximate number in the tens |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 分析 | fēn xī | analysis |
| 思考 | sī kǎo | to reflect on / to ponder over |
| 一直 | yī zhí | straight (in a straight line) / continuously; always; all the way through |
| 受到 | shòu dào | to receive (praise, an education, punishment etc); to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc) |
| 推崇 | tuī chóng | to esteem / to think highly of / to accord importance to / to revere |
| 渐渐 | jiàn jiàn | gradually |
| 地 | de | -ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct |
| 许多 | xǔ duō | many / a lot of / much |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 认为 | rèn wéi | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel |
| 人类 | rén lèi | humanity / human race / mankind |
| 思维 | sī wéi | (line of) thought; thinking |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | already |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 原始 | yuán shǐ | first / primitive |
| 宗教 | zōng jiào | religion |
| 发展 | fā zhǎn | to develop / to grow / to expand |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 科学 | kē xué | scientific / rational |
| 因此 | yīn cǐ | thus; consequently; as a result |
| 他们 | tā men | they; them |
| 觉得 | jué de | to think that ...; to feel that ... |
| 情绪 | qíng xù | mood / state of mind / moodiness |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 靠谱 | kào pǔ | reliable / reasonable / probable |
| 事实 | shì shí | fact |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 并非 | bìng fēi | really isn't |
| 应 | yīng | should / ought to / must / (legal) shall |
| 被 | bèi | used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes |
| 忽略 | hū lüè | to neglect; to overlook; to ignore |
| 不计 | bù jì | to disregard / to take no account of |
| 甚至 | shèn zhì | even; so much so that |
| 理性 | lǐ xìng | reason / rationality |
| 能力 | néng lì | capability / ability |
| 纠正 | jiū zhèng | to correct / to make right |
| 愚蠢 | yú chǔn | silly / stupid |
| 反应 | fǎn yìng | reaction / response / reply / chemical reaction |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 种 | zhǒng | classifier for types, kinds, sorts |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 当下 | dāng xià | immediately / at once / at that moment / at the moment |
| 经历 | jīng lì | experience |
| 或 | huò | or |
| 评估 | píng gū | assessment / evaluation |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 意义 | yì yì | sense / meaning / significance / importance |
| 来说 | lái shuō | for; from the point of view of; in the case of |
| 信息 | xìn xī | information; news; message |
| 处理 | chǔ lǐ | to treat sth by a special process; to process |
| 方式 | fāng shì | way; method; manner; mode; pattern (of behavior etc) |
| 本能 | běn néng | instinct |
| 大脑 | dà nǎo | brain / cerebrum |
| 大量 | dà liàng | great amount / large quantity / bulk |
| 结果 | jié guǒ | outcome; result; consequence |
| 研究 | yán jiū | research / a study |
| 表明 | biǎo míng | to make clear / to make known / to state clearly / to indicate |
| 大型 | dà xíng | large / large-scale |
| 预测 | yù cè | to forecast / to predict |
| 机 | jī | (bound form) machine; mechanism / (bound form) aircraft / (bound form) an opportunity / (bound form) crucial point; pivot |
| 不断 | bù duàn | unceasing / uninterrupted / continuous / constant |
| 将 | jiāng | (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把) |
| 传入 | chuán rù | transmitted inwards / afferent |
| 感官 | gǎn guān | sense / sense organ |
| 对照 | duì zhào | to contrast / to compare / to place side by side for comparison (as parallel texts) / to check |
| 已 | yǐ | already |
| 储存 | chǔ cún | to store / to stockpile |
| 中 | zhōng | within; among; in |
| 知识 | zhī shi | knowledge |
| 先前 | xiān qián | before; previously |
| 记忆 | jì yì | memory |
| 做 | zuò | to make; to produce |
| 出 | chū | (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) |
| 比较 | bǐ jiào | comparison |
| 然后 | rán hòu | then; after that; afterwards |
| 接下来 | jiē xià lái | next / following |
| 发生 | fā shēng | to happen; to occur; to take place; to break out |
| 什么 | shén me | what? |
| 事 | shì | matter / thing / item / affair |
| 就 | jiù | merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly |
| 科学家 | kē xué jiā | scientist |
| 所谓 | suǒ wèi | what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... / (derog.) so-called |
| 预测性 | yù cè xìng | predictive; having the ability to predict or anticipate |
| 体系 | tǐ xì | system / setup |
| 确保 | què bǎo | to ensure; to guarantee |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 时刻 | shí kè | constantly / always |
| 准备 | zhǔn bèi | to prepare / to intend / to be about to |
| 着 | zhe | aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state |
| 尽量 | jǐn liàng | as much as possible |
| 以 | yǐ | by means of / according to / in order to / because of / at |
| 最佳 | zuì jiā | optimum / optimal / peak / best |
| 当前 | dāng qián | the present time |
| 情况 | qíng kuàng | circumstances; state of affairs; situation |
| 如果 | rú guǒ | if; in case; in the event that |
| 失 | shī | to lose / to miss / to fail |
| 准 | zhǔn | accurate / standard / quasi- / para- |
| 比如 | bǐ rú | for example; for instance; such as |
| 一些 | yī xiē | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er |
| 没 | méi | (negative prefix for verbs) have not; not |
| 预料 | yù liào | to forecast / to anticipate |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 你 | nǐ | you |
| 更新 | gēng xīn | to replace the old with new / to renew / to renovate / to upgrade / to update / to regenerate |
| 自己 | zì jǐ | oneself; (attributive) one's own |
| 认知 | rèn zhī | cognition / understanding / perception / awareness |
| 模式 | mó shì | mode; pattern; model |
| 当 | dāng | when / during / ought / should / just at (a time or place) / on the spot / just at |
| 现下 | xiàn xià | now / at this moment |
| 经验 | jīng yàn | experience |
| 做出 | zuò chū | to put out / to issue |
| 明显 | míng xiǎn | clear / distinct / obvious |
| 匹配 | pǐ pèi | matching / compatible |
| 或者 | huò zhě | or |
| 误 | wù | mistakenly |
| 配 | pèi | to join / to fit / to mate / to mix / to match / to deserve / to make up (a prescription) / to allocate |
| 时 | shí | when |
| 产生 | chǎn shēng | to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate |
| 不过 | bù guò | but / however |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 意识 | yì shí | (usu. followed by 到) to be aware of; to realize |
| 不到 | bù dào | not reaching / insufficient / less than |
| 特定 | tè dìng | special; specific; designated; particular |
| 领域 | lǐng yù | domain; sphere; field; territory; area |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 更多 | gèng duō | more; greater in amount, degree, or number |
| 来 | lái | (between two verbs) in order to |
| 比对 | bǐ duì | to verify by comparing |
| 让 | ràng | to permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc) |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 可靠 | kě kào | reliable |
| 也就是说 | yě jiù shì shuō | in other words / that is to say / so / thus |
| 像 | xiàng | to resemble / to be like / to look as if |
| 创造 | chuàng zào | to create / to bring about / to produce / to set (a record) |
| 力 | lì | power / force / strength / ability |
| 一样 | yī yàng | just like |
| 随着 | suí zhe | along with / in the wake of / following |
| 而 | ér | (indicates change of state) |
| 改善 | gǎi shàn | to make better; to improve |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 区别 | qū bié | difference |
| 把 | bǎ | (used to put the object before the verb: 把[ba3] + {noun} + {verb}) |
| 两 | liǎng | two / both / some / a few |
| 视作 | shì zuò | to regard as / to treat as |
| 对立 | duì lì | antithetical / relative opposite / opposing / diametrical |
| 非此即彼 | fēi cǐ jí bǐ | either this or that / one or the other |
| 其实 | qí shí | actually; in fact; really |
| 通常 | tōng cháng | usually; normally |
| 并 | bìng | (not) at all |
| 相关 | xiāng guān | to be interrelated |
| 可以 | kě yǐ | can / may / possible / able to |
| 同时 | tóng shí | at the same time; simultaneously |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 应该 | yīng gāi | ought to; should; must |
| 承认 | chéng rèn | to admit / to concede / to recognize / to acknowledge |
| 兼顾 | jiān gù | to handle two or more responsibilities at the same time; to balance (career and family, or work and studies etc) |
| 认真 | rèn zhēn | conscientious / earnest / serious |
| 权衡 | quán héng | to consider / to weigh (a matter) / to balance (pros and cons) |
| 此 | cǐ | this; these |
| 二 | èr | two / 2 |
| 者 | zhě | to refer to sth mentioned previously) / (to mark a pause before defining the term) |
| 哪 | něi | which? (interrogative, followed by classifier or numeral-classifier) |
| 为 | wéi | to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do |