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Important inventions in ancient China

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Important inventions in ancient China

造纸术zào zhǐ shù和hé印刷术yìn shuā shù是shì中国Zhōng guó古代gǔ dài的de两liǎng项xiàng重要zhòng yào发明fā míng。

造纸术zào zhǐ shù,为wèi文明wén míng传承chuán chéng带dài来lái了le新xīn的de载体zài tǐ;

印刷术yìn shuā shù,造就zào jiù了le文明wén míng传播chuán bō的de新xīn媒介méi jiè。

它们tā men对duì人类rén lèi政治zhèng zhì、经济jīng jì、文化wén huà等děng很hěn多duō方面fāng miàn产生chǎn shēng了le重要zhòng yào影响yǐng xiǎng,为wèi世界shì jiè文明wén míng的de传播chuán bō与yǔ发展fā zhǎn做zuò出chū了le巨大jù dà贡献gòng xiàn。

中国Zhōng guó发明fā míng印刷术yìn shuā shù有yǒu着zhe独特dú tè的de物质wù zhì基础jī chǔ与yǔ技术jì shù条件tiáo jiàn。

纸zhǐ和hé墨mò的de应用yìng yòng是shì印刷术yìn shuā shù发明fā míng的de基本jī běn前提qián tí。

中国Zhōng guó很hěn早zǎo就jiù已yǐ发现fā xiàn并bìng使用shǐ yòng墨mò。

秦Qín晚wǎn期qī已yǐ有yǒu墨mò丸wán;

南北朝Nán Běi cháo时期shí qī,中国Zhōng guó已yǐ掌握zhǎng wò了le成熟chéng shú的de制zhì墨mò技术jì shù。

作为zuò wéi纸zhǐ的de发明fā míng国guó,早zǎo在zài印刷术yìn shuā shù发明fā míng以前yǐ qián,中国Zhōng guó的de造纸术zào zhǐ shù就jiù经历jīng lì了le辉煌huī huáng的de发展fā zhǎn历程lì chéng。

西汉Xī Hàn时期shí qī,中国Zhōng guó已yǐ发明fā míng了le纸zhǐ。

公元gōng yuán105年nián,东汉Dōng hàn蔡伦Cài Lún总结zǒng jié前人qián rén经验jīng yàn,改进gǎi jìn造纸zào zhǐ工艺gōng yì,开辟kāi pì了le后代hòu dài皮pí纸zhǐ制造zhì zào技术jì shù的de先河xiān hé,实现shí xiàn了le造纸zào zhǐ技术jì shù史shǐ上shàng的de重要zhòng yào突破tū pò。

随着suí zhe造纸zào zhǐ技术jì shù的de发展fā zhǎn,纸zhǐ逐渐zhú jiàn普及pǔ jí到dào人类rén lèi生活shēng huó中zhōng。

魏Wèi晋Jìn南北朝Nán Běi cháo时期shí qī,中国Zhōng guó纸张zhǐ zhāng的de使用shǐ yòng进入jìn rù转折zhuǎn zhé时期shí qī。

公元gōng yuán404年nián,东晋Dōng Jìn桓玄Huán Xuán颁布bān bù“以yǐ纸zhǐ代dài简jiǎn”令lìng,终止zhōng zhǐ了le简牍jiǎn dú书写shū xiě的de历史lì shǐ,纸zhǐ终于zhōng yú成为chéng wéi主要zhǔ yào的de书写shū xiě材料cái liào。

人们rén men选xuǎn用yòng麻má、藤téng、树皮shù pí、竹zhú等děng作为zuò wéi造纸zào zhǐ原料yuán liào,并bìng运用yùn yòng施胶shī jiāo、涂布tú bù、染色rǎn sè等děng造纸zào zhǐ加工jiā gōng技术jì shù,使shǐ纸张zhǐ zhāng变得biàn de物美价廉wù měi jià lián。

造纸术zào zhǐ shù的de发明fā míng,带来dài lái了le书写shū xiě材料cái liào的de根本性gēn běn xìng变革biàn gé,更gèng为wèi印刷术yìn shuā shù的de发明fā míng提供tí gōng了le重要zhòng yào的de印刷yìn shuā材料cái liào。

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Vocabulary 143 words

ChinesePinyinEnglish
造纸术 zào zhǐ shùpapermaking process
和 héand; together with
印刷术 yìn shuā shùprinting / printing technology
是 shìto be (followed by substantives only)
中国 Zhōng guóChina
古代 gǔ dàiancient times
的 depossessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression)
两 liǎngtwo / both / some / a few
项 xiàngclassifier for principles, items, clauses, tasks, research projects etc
重要 zhòng yàoimportant; significant; major
发明 fā míngan invention
为 wèibecause of / for / to
文明 wén míngcivilization / culture
传承 chuán chéngto pass on (to future generations)
带 dàito wear / to carry / to take along / to bear / to bring
来 láihither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker)
了 le(completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now)
新 xīnnew; newly
载体 zài tǐcarrier (chemistry) / vector (epidemiology) / vehicle or medium
造就 zào jiùto bring up / to train / to contribute to
传播 chuán bōto disseminate; to propagate; to spread
媒介 méi jièintermediary / vehicle / vector / medium / media
它们 tā menthey; them
对 duìtowards; at; for / concerning; regarding
人类 rén lèihumanity / human race / mankind
政治 zhèng zhìpolitics
经济 jīng jìeconomy
文化 wén huàculture / civilization
等 děngand so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration)
很 hěnvery; quite
多 duōmany; much; more; a lot of
方面 fāng miànrespect / aspect / field / side
产生 chǎn shēngto give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate
影响 yǐng xiǎnginfluence / effect
世界 shì jièworld
与 yǔ(formal) and; together with (linking parallel nouns, verbs, or phrases)
发展 fā zhǎndevelopment / growth
做 zuòto make; to produce
出 chū(used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result)
巨大 jù dàhuge; immense; enormous; gigantic
贡献 gòng xiàncontribution
有 yǒuto have; there is
着 zheaspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state
独特 dú tèunique; distinctive
物质 wù zhìmatter / substance / material
基础 jī chǔbase; foundation; basis
技术 jì shùtechnology; technique; skill
条件 tiáo jiàncondition; circumstance; term; factor / situation; state; condition
纸 zhǐpaper
墨 mòink stick / China ink / corporal punishment consisting of tattooing characters on the victim's forehead
应用 yìng yòngapplication; practical use / (computing) app
基本 jī běnbasic / fundamental / main / elementary
前提 qián típremise / precondition / prerequisite
早 zǎolong ago
就 jiùmerely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly
已 yǐalready
发现 fā xiànto notice; to become aware of / to discover; to find; to detect
并 bìngand / together with
使用 shǐ yòngto use / to employ / to apply / to make use of
秦 QínQin dynasty (221–207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇 / short name for 陝西|陕西
晚 wǎnlate
期 qīa period of time / phase / stage / time / term / period
丸 wánball / pellet / pill
南北朝 Nán Běi cháoNorthern and Southern dynasties (420-589)
时期 shí qīperiod / phase
掌握 zhǎng wòto grasp (often fig.) / to control / to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny) / to master / to know well / to understand sth well and know how to use it
成熟 chéng shúmature; ripe
制 zhìto manufacture / to make
作为 zuò wéione's conduct / deed / activity / accomplishment / achievement / as (in the capacity of) / qua
国 guócountry; nation; state
在 zài(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
以前 yǐ qiánbefore / formerly / previous / ago
经历 jīng lìto experience; to go through
辉煌 huī huángsplendid / glorious
历程 lì chéngcourse / process
西汉 Xī HànWestern Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD)
公元 gōng yuánCE (Common Era) / Christian Era / AD (Anno Domini)
年 niányear
东汉 Dōng hànEastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220
蔡伦 Cài LúnCai Lun (-121), the inventor of the papermaking process
总结 zǒng jiéto sum up / to conclude
前人 qián rénpredecessor / forebears / the person facing you
经验 jīng yànexperience
改进 gǎi jìnto improve; to make better
造纸 zào zhǐpapermaking
工艺 gōng yìarts and crafts / industrial arts
开辟 kāi pìto open up / to set up / to establish
后代 hòu dàidescendant; progeny / posterity; later ages; later generations
皮 pískin; peel; rind; outer layer / leather; hide; fur / cover; wrapping; outer covering / pico- (10⁻¹²)
制造 zhì zàoto manufacture; to make
先河 xiān hésource; precursor; forerunner
实现 shí xiànto achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about
史 shǐhistory / annals / title of an official historian in ancient China
上 shàng(noun suffix) on; above
突破 tū pòto break through / to make a breakthrough / to surmount (an obstacle) / (sports) to break through the opponent's defense
随着 suí zhealong with / in the wake of / following
逐渐 zhú jiàngradually
普及 pǔ jíto spread extensively / to generalize
到 dàoto reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point)
生活 shēng huólife / livelihood
中 zhōngwithin; among; in
魏 Wèiname of a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty from 661 BC in Shanxi, one of the Seven Hero Warring States / Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操, one of the Three Kingdoms after the Han dynasty / the Wei dynasty 221–265 / Wei Prefecture or Wei County at various times in history
晋 Jìnthe Jin Dynasties (265–420) / Western Jin 西晉|西晋 (265–316), Eastern Jin 東晉|东晋 (317–420) and Later Jin Dynasty (936–946) / short name for Shanxi province 山西
纸张 zhǐ zhāngpaper
进入 jìn rùto enter / to join / to go into
转折 zhuǎn zhéshift in the trend of events / turnaround / plot shift in a book / turn in the conversation
东晋 Dōng JìnEastern Jin dynasty 317-420
桓玄 Huán XuánHuan Xuan (369-404), general involved in the break-up of Eastern Jin
颁布 bān bùto issue / to proclaim / to enact (laws, decrees etc)
以 yǐto use
代 dàito be a substitute for; to act on behalf of; to replace; to substitute
简 jiǎnletter / bamboo strips used for writing (old)
令 lìngan order / warrant / writ / honorific title / season / government position (old) / type of short song or poem
终止 zhōng zhǐto stop; to terminate
简牍 jiǎn dúbamboo and wooden slips (used for writing on in ancient times) / letter; correspondence; book; document
书写 shū xiěto write
历史 lì shǐhistory
终于 zhōng yúat last / in the end / finally / eventually
成为 chéng wéito become; to turn into
主要 zhǔ yàomain; principal; major; primary
材料 cái liào(raw) material / (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job
人们 rén menpeople
选 xuǎnto choose / to pick / to select / to elect
用 yòngto use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using
麻 mágeneric name for hemp, flax etc / hemp or flax fiber for textile materials / sesame
藤 téngrattan / cane / vine
树皮 shù pítree bark
竹 zhú(bound form) bamboo / Kangxi radical 118
原料 yuán liàoraw material
运用 yùn yòngto use / to put to use
施胶 shī jiāosizing; applying sizing material or glue in papermaking to make paper less absorbent
涂布 tú bùto coat or apply a coating to a surface; coating (in papermaking or materials processing)
染色 rǎn sèdye
加工 jiā gōngprocessing / working (of machinery)
使 shǐto make / to cause / to enable
变得 biàn deto become
物美价廉 wù měi jià liángood quality and cheap / a bargain
带来 dài láito bring / (fig.) to bring about; to produce
根本性 gēn běn xìngfundamental; basic in nature
变革 biàn géto transform / to change
更 gèngmore / even more / further / still / still more
提供 tí gōngto offer / to supply / to provide / to furnish
印刷 yìn shuāprinting