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Biography: 曹操 – Cao Cao

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Biography: 曹操 – Cao Cao

Meet Cao Cao, Chinese history’s ultimate bad guy – but was he really as bad as his reputation makes him out to be?

真实zhēn shí的de曹cāo操cāo与yú传chuān说中shuō zhòng的de曹cāo操cāo

曹cāo操cāo(155年Nián—220年Nián)是shì中国Zhōng guó历lì史Shǐ上shǎng最zuì复fù杂zá、最zuì具jù争议zhēng yì的de人物rén wù之一zhī yī。他tā生shēng活huó在zài东Dōng汉Hàn末年mò nián,那是nà shi一个yī ge天下tiān xià大dà乱luàn、群雄割据qún xióng gē jù的de时代Shí dài。曹cāo操cāo凭píng借jiè过人guò rén的de智慧zhì huì和hé铁腕手段tiě wàn shǒu duàn,从cóng一个yī ge普pú通tōng官Guān员yuán逐zhú渐jiǎn成为chéng wéi北方běi fāng最zuì强qiāng大dà的de军事jūn shì统tóng治zhì者zhě,最zuì终zhong控kǒng制zhì了le汉朝Hàn cháo的de朝廷cháo tíng,为wéi后Hòu来lái魏wěi国Guó的de建立jiàn lì奠定diàn dìng了le基jī础chǔ。

曹cāo操cāo不bù仅jín是shì一yī位wèi出色chū sè的de军事家jūn shì jiā和hé政zhèng治zhì家jiā,也Yě是shì一yī位wèi才华横溢cái huá héng yì的de诗人shī rén。他tā的de诗Shī风fēng苍cang劲jìn有力yǒu lì,充chong满Mǎn对duì人生rén shēng和hé历lì史Shǐ的de深shēn刻kè思考sī kǎo。他tā爱ài惜xi人才rén cái,麾下xià聚jǔ集jí了le大量dà liàng能Néng臣Chén武将wǔ jiàng,这zhè也Yě是shì他tā能Néng够gòu称霸chēng bà北方běi fāng的de重要zhòng yào原因yuán yīn之一zhī yī。在zài他tā的de统tóng治zhì下xià,北方běi fāng逐zhú渐jiǎn恢hui复fù了le秩zhǐ序xǔ,经济jīng jì也Yě得到dé dào了le发展fā zhǎn。从cóng纯chūn粹cuǐ的de历lì史Shǐ角Jué度dù来lái看kān,他tā是shì一个yī ge非常fēi cháng有yǒu能Néng力Lì的de领导人lǐng dǎo rén。

然而rán ér,历lì史Shǐ上shǎng的de曹cāo操cāo也Yě有yǒu非常fēi cháng黑暗hēi àn的de一面yī miàn。他tā生shēng性xǐng多疑duō yí,有时yǒu shí候hòu心狠手辣xīn hěn shǒu là。有yǒu一个yī ge著名zhù míng的de故事gù shì:曹cāo操cāo在zài逃tāo亡wáng途tū中Zhōng,住zhù在zài父亲fù qīn老朋友lǎo péng you吕伯bō奢shē的de家里jiā lǐ。半夜bàn yè他tā听到tīng dào外面wài miàn有yǒu声音shēng yīn,以为yǐ wéi吕家人jiā rén要yāo杀shā他tā,于是yú shì先下手为强xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng,把bǎ吕家人jiā rén全部quán bù杀死shā sǐ。但dàn是shì他tā错Cuò了le——吕家人jiā rén只是zhǐ shì在zài准备zhǔn bèi食物shí wù招zhao待dǎi他tā。曹cāo操cāo发现fā xiàn自己zì jǐ杀shā错Cuò了le人rén,却què说出shuō chū了le这zhè样yàng一句话yī jù huà:”宁nīng教Jiào我wǒ负fù天下tiān xià人rén,休Xīu教Jiào天下tiān xià人rén负fù我wǒ。”意思yì si是shì:我wǒ宁nīng愿yuàn对不起duì bu qǐ全天quán tiān下xià的de人rén,也Yě不bù能Néng让ràng别人bié ren对不起duì bu qǐ我wǒ。这zhè句gōu话huà让ràng很hěn多duō人rén看清kàn qīng了le他tā的de真实zhēn shí性xǐng格gē。

但dàn是shì,我wǒ们men必须bì xū区分qū fēn真实zhēn shí的de曹cāo操cāo和hé后Hòu来lái文学wén xué作品zuò pǐn中的zhòng dì曹cāo操cāo。真实zhēn shí的de曹cāo操cāo生shēng活huó在zài公元gōng yuán二世èr shì纪Jǐ,他tā的de所suǒ作zuō所为suǒ wéi都Dū有yǒu历lì史Shǐ记录jì lù。而ér文学wén xué中的zhòng dì曹cāo操cāo,则zé是shì一yī千qiān多年duō nián后Hòu的de小说家Xiǎo shuō jiā罗Luó贯guàn中Zhōng在zài《三国Sān guó演yǎn义Yì》中Zhōng创chuǎng造zǎo的de形象xíng xiàng。在zài这zhè部bù小说xiǎo shuō里lǐ,曹cāo操cāo被bèi塑sǔ造zǎo成Chéng一个yī ge彻chě底dí的de反fǎn派pā——狡jiáo猾huā、残cán忍rén、不择手段bù zé shǒu duàn。小说xiǎo shuō同时tóng shí塑sǔ造zǎo了le另lìng外wài两liǎng个gě主要zhǔ yào人物rén wù:刘备Líu Bèi和hé孙权Sūn Quán,他tā们men是shì曹cāo操cāo的de对手duì shǒu,各自gè zì建立jiàn lì了le自己zì jǐ的de王国wáng guó。刘备Líu Bèi被bèi描miāo写xiě成Chéng一个yī ge仁义rén yì的de君jun主zhǔ,代表dài biǎo正义zhèng yì的de一方yī fāng,而ér曹cāo操cāo则zé成了chéng le他tā的de对立面duì lì miàn。这种zhè zhǒng黑白hēi bái分明fēn míng的de描miāo写xiě让ràng曹cāo操cāo的de坏人huài rén形象xíng xiàng深入人心shēn rù rén xīn,但dàn历lì史Shǐ学xué家jiā认为rèn wéi,真实zhēn shí情况qíng kuàng要yāo复fù杂zá得dé多duō。

有意思yǒu yì si的de是shì,曹cāo操cāo在zài中国Zhōng guó文化wén huà中Zhōng留下líu xià了le一个yī ge独特dú tè的de印记yìn jì。中文Zhōng wén里lǐ有yǒu一句话yī jù huà叫jiào”说shuì曹cāo操cāo,曹cāo操cāo就jìu到dào”,意思yì si是shì你nǐ刚刚gāng gang说到shuō dào某mǒu个人gè rén,那个人nà gè rén就jìu出现chū xiàn了le。这zhè和hé英文Yīng wén里lǐ的de”speak of the devil, and he shall appear”非常fēi cháng相Xiāng似shǐ。能Néng够gòu成为chéng wéi这zhè样yàng一句yī jù日常rì cháng用语yòng yǔ里lǐ的de主角zhǔ jué,说明shuō míng曹cāo操cāo的de名字míng zi在zài中国人Zhōng guó rén心里xīn li有yǒu多么duō me深shēn刻kè。

今天jīn tiān,历lì史Shǐ学xué家jiā对duì曹cāo操cāo的de评píng价jiǎ比Bǐ过去guò qù公平gōng píng得dé多duō。他tā既jì不是bù shì纯chūn粹cuǐ的de英雄yīng xíong,也Yě不是bù shì纯chūn粹cuǐ的de恶ě人rén。他tā是shì一个yī ge真实zhēn shí的de历lì史Shǐ人物rén wù——聪明cōng ming、有yǒu才华cái huá、有yǒu远见yuǎn jiàn,但dàn也Yě自私zì sī、多疑duō yí、有时yǒu shí候hòu残cán忍rén。在zài那个nà ge乱luàn世Shì之中zhī zhōng,也许yě xǔ这zhè样yàng的de人才rén cái能Néng生存shēng cún下xià来lái,才cái能Néng统tóng一yī北方běi fāng,才cái能Néng在zài历lì史Shǐ上shǎng留下líu xià自己zì jǐ的de名字míng zi。

Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.

Lesson vocabulary 307 words · 10 curated by the source

WordPinyinMeaning
争议zhēng yìcontroversy; dispute
群雄割据qún xióng gē jùrival warlords carving up territory
铁腕手段tiě wàn shǒu duàniron-fisted methods
奠定基础diàn dìng jī chǔto lay the foundation
才华横溢cái huá héng yìbrimming with talent
心狠手辣xīn hěn shǒu làcruel and ruthless
先下手为强xiān xià shǒu wéi qiángto strike first to gain the advantage
不择手段bù zé shǒu duànby any means necessary; unscrupulous
深入人心shēn rù rén xīndeeply rooted in people’s hearts
远见yuǎn jiànforesight; vision
曹cāoa group; a party (in court); surname Cao
操cāoold variant of 操[cao1]; to grasp; to hold; to operate; to manage; to control; to steer; to exercise; to drill (practice); to play; to speak (a language)
年Niánsurname Nian; grain; harvest (old); variant of 年[nian2]
是shìto be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion); variant of 是[shi4]
中国Zhōng guóChina
历lìold variant of 曆|历[li4]; old variant of 歷|历[li4]; calendar; to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; history
史Shǐsurname Shi
上shǎngused in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]
最zuìvariant of 最[zui4]; old variant of 最[zui4]; (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est; (after 之[zhi1]) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最[shi4 jie4 zhi1 zui4] "the greatest in the world")
复fùto go and return; to return; to resume; to return to a normal or original state; to repeat; again; to recover; to restore; to turn over; to reply; to answer; to reply to a letter; …; to repeat; to double; to overlap; complex (not simple); compound; composite; double; diplo-; duplicate; overlapping; to duplicate; variant of 復|复[fu4]; to reply to a letter
杂závariant of 雜|杂[za2]; mixed; miscellaneous; various; to mix
具jùtool; device; utensil; equipment; instrument; talent; ability; to possess; to have; to provide; to furnish; to state; classifier for devices, coffins, dead bodies
的deof; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to…
人物rén wùperson; personage; figure (esp. sb of importance); character (in a play, novel etc); (genre of traditional Chinese painting) figure painting
之一zhī yīone of (sth); one out of a multitude; one (third, quarter, percent etc)
他tā(third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his; (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
生shēngto grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born; to arise; to occur; to light (a fire); to live; to be alive; life; raw; uncooked; unprocessed; unfamiliar; strange; (bound form) stu…
活huóto live; alive; living; work; workmanship
在zàito exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
东Dōngsurname Dong
汉HànHan ethnic group; Chinese (language); the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
末年mò niánthe final years (of a regime)
那是nà shi(coll.) of course; naturally; indeed
一个yī gea; an; one; the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
天下tiān xiàland under heaven; the whole world; the whole of China; realm; rule
大dàbig; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)
乱luànin confusion or disorder; in a confused state of mind; disorder; upheaval; riot; illicit sexual relations; to throw into disorder; to mix up; indiscriminate; random; arbitrary
时代Shí dàiTime, US weekly news magazine
凭píngvariant of 憑|凭[ping2]; to lean against; to rely on; on the basis of; no matter (how, what etc); proof
借jièto borrow; (used in combination with 給|给[gei3] or 出[chu1] etc) to lend; to make use of; to avail oneself of; (sometimes followed by 著|着[zhe5]) by; with; variant of 借[jie4]
过人guò rénto surpass others; outstanding; (basketball, soccer etc) to get past an opponent
智慧zhì huìwisdom; intelligence
和héold variant of 和[he2]; surname He; (literary) harmonious (variant of 和[he2])
从cóngvariant of 從|从[cong2]; surname Cong
普púgeneral; everywhere
通tōngto go through; to know well; (suffix) expert; to connect; to communicate; open; to clear; classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc
官Guānsurname Guan
员yuán(bound form) person engaged in a certain field of activity; (bound form) member; classifier for military generals
逐zhú(bound form) to pursue; to chase; to drive away; one by one; individually
渐jiǎnto imbue
成为chéng wéito become; to turn into
北方běi fāngnorth; the northern part a country; China north of the Yellow River
强qiāngstrong; powerful; vigorous; better; to force (qiang3); stubborn (jiang4); surname Qiang
军事jūn shìmilitary affairs; (attributive) military
统tóngto gather; to unify
治zhìto rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
者zhě(after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 後|后[hou4] or 前[qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously);…
终zhongend
控kǒngto control; to charge; to invert a container to empty it; enthusiast; -phile or -philia
制zhìsystem; to control; to regulate; variant of 製|制[zhi4]; to manufacture; to make
了le(completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (bound form) clear in one's mind; to understand clearly
汉朝Hàn cháoHan Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
朝廷cháo tíngcourt; imperial household; dynasty
为wéias (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice); variant of 為|为[wei2]
后Hòusurname Hou; back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
来láito come; (used as a substitute for a more specific verb); hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来[hui2 lai5]); ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来[zi4 gu3…
魏wěisurname Wei; Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操[Cao2 Cao1], one of the Three Kingdoms after the Han dynasty; Wei Prefecture or Wei County at various times in history
国Guósurname Guo
建立jiàn lìto establish; to set up; to found
奠定diàn dìngto establish; to fix; to settle
基jī(bound form) base; foundation; (bound form) radical (chemistry); (bound form) gay (loanword from English into Cantonese, Jyutping: gei1, followed by orthographic borrowing from Can…
础chǔfoundation; base
不bùno; not so; (bound form) not; un-
仅jínbarely; merely
一yīone; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out …
位wèiposition; location; place; seat; classifier for people (honorific); classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes); (physics) potential
出色chū sèremarkable; outstanding
军事家jūn shì jiāmilitary expert; general
政zhèngpolitical; politics; government
家jiāused in 傢伙|家伙[jia1 huo5] and 傢俱|家俱[jia1 ju4]; home; family; (polite) my (sister, uncle etc); classifier for families or businesses; refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China; noun suffix for a specialist in some act…
也Yěsurname Ye
诗人shī rénbard; poet
诗Shīabbr. for Shijing 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], the Book of Songs
风fēngwind; news; style; custom; manner; CL:陣|阵[zhen4],絲|丝[si1]
苍cangdark green; grey; pale; the heavens; grey-haired
劲jìnstrength; energy; enthusiasm; spirit; mood; expression; interest; CL:把[ba3]; Taiwan pr. [jing4]
有力yǒu lìpowerful; forceful; vigorous
充chongsufficient; full; to serve as; to act as
满MǎnManchu ethnic group
对duìright; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to sui…
人生rén shēnglife (one's time on earth)
深shēnold variant of 深[shen1]; (lit. and fig.) deep
刻kèquarter (hour); moment; to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive; classifier for short time intervals
思考sī kǎoto reflect on; to ponder over
爱àito love; to be fond of; to like; affection; to be inclined (to do sth); to tend to (happen)
惜xito cherish; to pity
人才rén cáitalent; talented person; looks; attractive looks
麾
下xiàdown; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency …
聚jǔto assemble; to gather (transitive or intransitive)
集jíto gather; to collect; collected works; classifier for sections of a TV series etc: episode
大量dà liànggreat amount; large quantity; bulk; numerous; generous; magnanimous
能Néngsurname Neng
臣Chénsurname Chen
武将wǔ jiànggeneral; military leader; fierce man
这zhè(pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)
够gòuenough (sufficient); enough (too much); (coll.) (before adj.) really; (coll.) to reach by stretching out
称霸chēng bàlit. to proclaim oneself hegemon; to take a leading role; to build a personal fiefdom
重要zhòng yàoimportant; significant; major
原因yuán yīncause; origin; root cause; reason; CL:個|个[ge4]
恢hui(bound form) vast; expansive
秩zhǐ(literary) salary according to rank; (literary) order; orderliness
序xǔ(bound form) order; sequence; preface
经济jīng jìeconomy; economic
得到dé dàoto get; to obtain; to receive
发展fā zhǎndevelopment; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
纯chūnpure; unmixed
粹cuǐpure; essence
角Juésurname Jue
度dùto pass; to spend (time); measure; limit; extent; degree of intensity; degree (angles, temperature etc); kilowatt-hour; classifier for events and occurrences
看kānto look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard
非常fēi chángvery; really; unusual; extraordinary
有yǒuto have; there is; (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意[you3 yi4] intentional)
力Lìsurname Li
领导人lǐng dǎo rénleader
然而rán érhowever; but; yet
黑暗hēi àndark; darkly; darkness
一面yī miànone side; one aspect; simultaneously... (and...); one's whole face
性xǐngnature; property; attribute; sex; suffix forming adjective from verb; essence
多疑duō yímistrustful; suspicious; paranoid
有时yǒu shísometimes; now and then
候hòuto wait; to inquire after; to watch; season; climate; (old) period of five days
著名zhù míngfamous; noted; well-known; celebrated
故事gù shìold practice
逃tāoto escape; to flee
亡wángto die; to lose; to be gone; to flee; deceased; old variant of 亡[wang2]
途tūway; road
中Zhōng(bound form) China; Chinese; surname Zhong
住zhùto live; to reside; to stay; to stop; to cease; (result complement indicating firmness or a stable achieved state)
父亲fù qīnfather; also pr. [fu4 qin5]; CL:個|个[ge4]
老朋友lǎo péng youold friend; (slang) period; menstruation
吕
伯bōuncle; the eldest among brothers; (honorific) count
奢shēextravagant
家里jiā lǐhome
半夜bàn yèmidnight; in the middle of the night
听到tīng dàoto hear
外面wài miànoutside (also pr. [wai4 mian5] for this sense); surface; exterior; external appearance
声音shēng yīnsound; voice
以为yǐ wéito think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief)
家人jiā rénfamily member; (old) servant
要yāo(bound form) to demand; to coerce
杀shāto kill; to slay; to murder; to attack; to weaken; to reduce; (dialect) to smart; (used after a verb) extremely
于是yú shìthereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence
把bǎto hold; to grasp; to hold a baby in position to help it urinate or defecate; handlebar; classifier: handful, bundle, bunch; classifier for things with handles; (used to put the ob…
全部quán bùwhole; all
杀死shā sǐto kill
但dànbut; yet; however; still; merely; only; just
错Cuòsurname Cuo
只是zhǐ shìmerely; only; just; nothing but; simply; but; however
准备zhǔn bèipreparation; to prepare; to intend; to be about to; reserve (fund)
食物shí wùfood
招zhaoto recruit; to beckon; to infect; a move (chess); device; to confess
待dǎito stay; to remain
发现fā xiànto notice; to become aware of; to discover; to find; to detect; a discovery
自己zì jǐoneself; (attributive) one's own
人rénperson; people; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
却quèold variant of 卻|却[que4]; but; yet; however; while; to go back; to decline; to retreat; nevertheless; even though
说出shuō chūto speak out; to declare (one's view)
样yàngmanner; pattern; way; appearance; shape; classifier: kind, type
一句话yī jù huàin a word; in short
宁nīngpeaceful; tranquil
教Jiàosurname Jiao
我wǒI; me; my
负fùto bear; to carry (on one's back); to turn one's back on; to be defeated; negative (math. etc)
休Xīusurname Xiu
意思yì siidea; opinion; meaning; wish; desire; interest; fun; token of appreciation, affection etc; CL:個|个[ge4]; to give as a small token; to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc
愿yuànhonest and prudent; variant of 願|愿[yuan4]; (bound form) wish; hope; desire; to be willing; to wish (that sth may happen); may ...; vow; pledge
对不起duì bu qǐI'm sorry; excuse me; I beg your pardon; to let (sb) down; to disappoint
全天quán tiānwhole day
让ràngto yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被[bei4])
别人bié renother people; others; other person
句gōuvariant of 勾[gou1]
话huàdialect; language; spoken words; speech; talk; words; conversation; what sb said; CL:種|种[zhong3],席[xi2],句[ju4],口[kou3],番[fan1]; old variant of 話|话[hua4]
很hěnvery; quite; (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element)
多duōmany; much; more; a lot of; too many; in excess; (after a numeral) ... odd; how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]); (bound form) multi-; poly-
看清kàn qīngto see clearly
真实zhēn shítrue; real
格gēused in 格登[ge1 deng1]
们menplural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
必须bì xūto have to; must; compulsory; necessarily
区分qū fēnto differentiate; to draw a distinction; to divide into categories
文学wén xuéliterature
作品zuò pǐnwork (of art); opus; CL:部[bu4],篇[pian1]
中的zhòng dìto hit the target; (fig.) to hit the nail on the head
公元gōng yuánCE (Common Era); Christian Era; AD (Anno Domini)
二世èr shìthe Second (of numbered kings); second generation (e.g. Chinese Americans)
纪Jǐsurname Ji; also pr. [Ji4]
所suǒactually; place; classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc; that which; particle introducing a relative clause or passive; CL:個|个[ge4]
作zuō(bound form) worker; (bound form) workshop; (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person)
所为suǒ wéiwhat one does; doings
都Dūsurname Du
记录jì lùto record; record (written account); note-taker; record (in sports etc); CL:個|个[ge4]
而érand; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
则zé(literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifie…
千qiānthousand; used in 鞦韆|秋千[qiu1 qian1]
多年duō niánmany years; for many years; longstanding
小说家Xiǎo shuō jiāSchool of Minor-talks, one of the Hundred Schools of Thought 諸子百家|诸子百家[zhu1 zi3 bai3 jia1] during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC)
罗Luósurname Luo
贯guànto pierce through; to pass through; to be stringed together; string of 1000 cash
三国Sān guóThree Kingdoms period (220–280) in Chinese history; any of several Three Kingdoms periods in Korean history, esp. from 1st century AD to unification under Silla 新羅|新罗[Xin1 luo2] in…
演yǎnto perform (a play etc); to stage (a show); (bound form) to develop; to play out; to carry out (a task)
义Yìsurname Yi; (Tw) Italy (abbr. for 義大利|义大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
创chuǎngto start; to create; to initiate (chuang4); wound; trauma (chuang1)
造zǎoto make; to manufacture; to fabricate; party (in a lawsuit or legal agreement); classifier for crops
形象xíng xiàngimage; form; figure; CL:個|个[ge4]; visualization; vivid
部bùministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc
小说xiǎo shuōnovel; fiction; CL:本[ben3],部[bu4]
里lǐvariant of 裡|里[li3]; lining; interior; inside; internal; also written 裏|里[li3]; surname Li
被bèiquilt; to cover (with); (literary) to suffer (a misfortune); used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, …
塑sǔto model (a figure) in clay
成Chéngsurname Cheng; short name for Chengdu 成都[Cheng2 du1]
彻chěthorough; to pervade
底dí(equivalent to 的 as possessive particle)
反fǎncontrary; in reverse; inside out or upside down; to reverse; to return; to oppose; opposite; against; anti-; to rebel; to use analogy; instead; abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic sys…
派pāused in 派司[pa1 si5]
狡jiáocrafty; sly
猾huāsly
残cánto destroy; to spoil; to ruin; to injure; cruel; oppressive; savage; brutal; incomplete; disabled; to remain; to survive; remnant; surplus
忍rénto bear; to tolerate
同时tóng shíat the same time; simultaneously
另lìngother; another; separate; separately
外wàioutside; in addition; foreign; external
两liǎngtwo; both; some; a few; tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤[jin1] (old)
个gěused in 自個兒|自个儿[zi4 ge3 r5]; variant of 個|个[ge4]
主要zhǔ yàomain; principal; major; primary
刘备Líu BèiLiu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢|蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty
孙权Sūn QuánSun Quan (reigned 222-252), southern warlord and king of state of Wu 吳|吴[Wu2] in the Three Kingdoms period
对手duì shǒuopponent; rival; competitor; (well-matched) adversary; match
各自gè zìeach; respective; apiece
王国wáng guókingdom; realm
描miāoto depict; to copy
写xiěto write
仁义rén yìbenevolence and righteousness
君junmonarch; gentleman
主zhǔowner; master; host; individual or party concerned; God; Lord; main; to indicate or signify; trump card (in card games)
代表dài biǎorepresentative; delegate; CL:位[wei4],個|个[ge4],名[ming2]; to represent; to stand for; on behalf of; in the name of
正义zhèng yìjustice; righteousness; just; righteous; (in the titles of traditional commentaries) correct interpretation
一方yī fānga party (in a contract or legal case); one side; area; region
成了chéng leto be done; to be ready; that's enough!; that will do!
对立面duì lì miànopposite; antonym; the opposite side (in a conflict)
这种zhè zhǒngthis kind of
黑白hēi báiblack and white; right and wrong; monochrome
分明fēn míngclear; distinct; evidently; clearly
坏人huài rénbad person; villain
学xuéto learn; to study; to imitate; science; -ology
认为rèn wéito believe; to think; to consider; to feel
情况qíng kuàngcircumstances; state of affairs; situation; CL:種|种[zhong3]
得déto obtain; to get; to gain; to catch (a disease); proper; suitable; proud; contented; to allow; to permit; ready; finished
有意思yǒu yì siinteresting; meaningful; enjoyable; fun
文化wén huàculture; civilization; cultural; CL:個|个[ge4],種|种[zhong3]
留下líu xiàto leave behind; to stay behind; to remain; to keep; not to let (sb) go
独特dú tèunique; distinctive
印记yìn jìimprint; trace
中文Zhōng wénChinese language
叫jiàoto shout; to call; to order; to ask; to be called; by (indicates agent in the passive mood); variant of 叫[jiao4]
说shuìto persuade; variant of 說|说[shuo1]
就jìu(after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precise…
到dàoto reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoug…
你nǐyou (informal, as opposed to courteous 您[nin2]); you (Note: In Taiwan, 妳 is used to address females, but in mainland China, it is not commonly used. Instead, 你 is used to address both males and females.)
刚刚gāng gangjust recently; just a moment ago
说到shuō dàoto talk about; to mention; (preposition) as for
某mǒusome; a certain; sb or sth indefinite; such-and-such
个人gè rénan individual; oneself; (attributive) personal; one's own
那个人nà gè rénlit. that person; fig. the person you have been looking for; Mr Right; the girl of one's dreams
出现chū xiànto appear; to arise; to emerge; to show up
英文Yīng wénEnglish (language)
相Xiāngsurname Xiang
似shǐused in 似的[shi4 de5]
一句yī jùa line of verse; a sentence
日常rì chángday-to-day; daily; everyday
用语yòng yǔchoice of words; wording; phraseology; term
主角zhǔ juéleading role; lead; protagonist
说明shuō míngto explain; to illustrate; to indicate; to show; to prove; explanation; directions; caption; CL:個|个[ge4]
名字míng ziname (of a person or thing)
中国人Zhōng guó rénChinese person
心里xīn lichest; heart; mind
多么duō mehow (wonderful etc); what (a great idea etc); however (difficult it may be etc); (in interrogative sentences) how (much etc); to what extent
今天jīn tiāntoday; the present time; now
评píngto discuss; to comment; to criticize; to judge; to choose (by public appraisal)
价jiǎ(literary) messenger; servant
比BǐBelgium; Belgian; abbr. for 比利時|比利时[Bi3 li4 shi2]
过去guò qù(in the) past; former; previous; to go over; to pass by
公平gōng píngfair; impartial
既jìalready; since; both... (and...)
不是bù shìno; is not; not
英雄yīng xíonghero; CL:個|个[ge4]
恶ěused in 惡心|恶心[e3 xin1]
聪明cōng mingintelligent; clever; bright; acute (of sight and hearing)
才华cái huátalent; CL:份[fen4]
自私zì sīselfish; selfishness
那个nà gethat one; that thing; that (as opposed to this); (used before a verb or adjective for emphasis); (used to humorously or indirectly refer to sth embarrassing, funny etc, or when one…
世Shìsurname Shi
之中zhī zhōnginside; among; in the midst of (doing sth); during
也许yě xǔperhaps; maybe
生存shēng cúnto exist; to survive
才cáiability; talent; sb of a certain type; a capable individual; then and only then; just now; (before an expression of quantity) only; (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) reall…; (variant of 才[cai2]) just now; (variant of 才[cai2]) (before an expression of quantity) only