中文里很多词都是有典故的。
“推敲”这个词的典故就源于唐代诗人贾岛。
有一次,贾岛骑驴去拜访朋友李凝的路上作了一首诗,其中有一句是“鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门”。
他反复读了几遍,不知道用“敲”更好,还是用“推”更好。
他犹豫不决,在驴背上做推敲的姿势,路边的人们看到他的样子觉得又好笑又惊讶。
贾岛正想得入神时,他的驴冲撞了别人的仪仗队。
这个人就是韩愈,他当时是长安城最大的官员,也是唐代著名的文学家。
韩愈问贾岛为什么闯进自己的仪仗队。
贾岛就把自己的诗念给韩愈听,并告诉了他自己对于“推”和“敲”这两个字的犹豫。
韩愈听后,也开始认真思考。
好一阵以后,他对贾岛说:“我看还是用‘敲’更好,即使夜深人静时拜访朋友,敲门代表你是一个有礼貌的人。
而且这个‘敲’字在静夜里增添了几分声响。
再说,读起来也更响亮些。
”贾岛听了以后连连点头表示赞同。
这回他不但没受到处罚,还和韩愈变成了朋友。
从此以后,“推敲”就成为了脍炙人口的常用词,用来比喻做事或者写文章时,反复琢磨,仔细斟酌。
我们一起来欣赏一下这首诗吧!
《题李凝幽居》闲居少邻并,草径入荒原。
鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门。
过桥分野色,移石动云根。
暂去还来此,幽期不负言。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
narration saved locally, offline — from https://download.mandarinbean.com/audio?source=aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFmZmljLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vc2VjdXJlL2xlYXJuY2hpbmVzZS82MTExLm1wMw&filename=Tui-Qiao.mp3&signature=22deb0a71dfa96eb5232aa9c350ef185dec009182c7272d498f78b613a2797c3
| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 中文 | Zhōng wén | Chinese language |
| 里 | lǐ | lining / interior / inside |
| 很多 | hěn duō | many; a lot of |
| 词 | cí | word |
| 都 | dōu | all; both; entirely |
| 是 | shì | indeed (used for emphasis) |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 典故 | diǎn gù | classical story or quote from the literature / the story behind sth |
| 的 | de | emphatic particle (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) |
| 推敲 | tuī qiāo | to think over |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 就 | jiù | merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly |
| 源 | yuán | root / source / origin |
| 于 | yú | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by |
| 唐代 | Táng dài | Tang dynasty (618–907) |
| 诗人 | shī rén | bard / poet |
| 贾岛 | Jiǎ Dǎo | Jia Dao (779–843), a Tang dynasty poet known for his painstaking word choice; associated with the idiom "推敲". |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 次 | cì | classifier for enumerated events: time |
| 骑 | qí | to sit astride / to ride (a horse, bike etc) |
| 驴 | lǘ | donkey |
| 去 | qù | to go, to go to |
| 拜访 | bài fǎng | to pay a visit; to call on |
| 朋友 | péng you | friend |
| 李凝 | Lǐ Níng | A person’s name, Li Ning |
| 路上 | lù shang | on the way; en route |
| 作 | zuò | to do; to engage in / to write; to compose / to pretend; to feign / to regard as; to consider to be / to be; to act the part of / to feel (itchy, nauseous etc) |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 首 | shǒu | classifier for poems, songs etc |
| 诗 | shī | poem / poetry / verse |
| 其中 | qí zhōng | among / in / included among these |
| 句 | jù | classifier for phrases or lines of verse |
| 鸟 | niǎo | bird / "bird" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 196) / (intensifier) damned / goddamn |
| 宿 | sù | lodge for the night |
| 池 | chí | pond / reservoir / moat |
| 边 | biān | side / edge / margin / border / boundary |
| 树 | shù | tree |
| 僧 | sēng | Buddhist monk |
| 敲 | qiāo | to hit / to strike / to tap / to rap / to knock / to rip sb off / to overcharge |
| 月 | yuè | moon |
| 下 | xià | down / downwards / below |
| 门 | mén | gate / door / gateway / doorway / opening / valve / switch / way to do something / knack / family / house / (religious) sect / school (of thought) / class / category / phylum or division (taxonomy) / (suffix) -gate (i.e. scandal; derived from Watergate) |
| 他 | tā | he; him; his |
| 反复 | fǎn fù | repeatedly / over and over |
| 读 | dú | to read out; to read aloud / to read |
| 几 | jǐ | several / a few |
| 遍 | biàn | classifier for actions: one time |
| 不 | bù | no; not so |
| 知道 | zhī dào | to know; to become aware of |
| 用 | yòng | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 好 | hǎo | good / appropriate; proper |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 推 | tuī | to push / to cut / to refuse / to reject / to decline / to shirk (responsibility) / to put off / to delay / to push forward / to nominate / to elect |
| 犹豫不决 | yóu yù bù jué | to waver |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 背 | bèi | the back of a body or object |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 做 | zuò | to assume (an air or manner) |
| 姿势 | zī shì | posture / position |
| 路 | lù | road / journey / route / line (bus etc) / sort; kind |
| 人们 | rén men | people |
| 看 | kàn | to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 样子 | yàng zi | appearance / manner / pattern / model |
| 觉得 | jué de | to think that ...; to feel that ... |
| 又 | yòu | both... and... |
| 好笑 | hǎo xiào | laughable; funny; ridiculous |
| 惊讶 | jīng yà | amazed / astonished |
| 正 | zhèng | exactly / just (at that time) / right (in that place) |
| 想 | xiǎng | to think (about) / to think of; to devise / to think (that); to believe (that) |
| 得 | de | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc |
| 入神 | rù shén | to be enthralled / to be entranced |
| 时 | shí | when |
| 冲撞 | chōng zhuàng | to collide / to impinge / to offend / to provoke |
| 别人 | bié rén | other people; others; other person |
| 仪仗队 | yí zhàng duì | honor guard / guard of honor / the banner bearing contingent leading a military procession |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 韩愈 | Hán Yù | Han Yu (768-824), Tang dynasty essayist and poet |
| 当时 | dāng shí | then; at that time |
| 长安 | Cháng ān | Chang'an (ancient name of Xi'an), capital of several Chinese dynasties from 202 BC to 907 CE |
| 城 | chéng | city walls / city / town |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 官员 | guān yuán | official (in an organization or government) / administrator |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 著名 | zhù míng | famous / noted / well-known / celebrated |
| 文学家 | wén xué jiā | writer / man of letters |
| 问 | wèn | to ask; to inquire |
| 为什么 | wèi shén me | why? / for what reason? |
| 闯进 | chuǎng jìn | to burst in |
| 自己 | zì jǐ | oneself; (attributive) one's own |
| 把 | bǎ | (used to put the object before the verb: 把[ba3] + {noun} + {verb}) |
| 念 | niàn | to read / to study (a subject) / to attend (a school) / to read aloud / to give (sb) a tongue-lashing / to miss (sb) |
| 给 | gěi | to / for / for the benefit of / to do sth (for sb) |
| 听 | tīng | to listen to; to hear |
| 并 | bìng | furthermore / also / simultaneously |
| 告诉 | gào su | to tell; to inform; to let know |
| 对于 | duì yú | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 两 | liǎng | two / both / some / a few |
| 字 | zì | letter / symbol / character / word |
| 犹豫 | yóu yù | to hesitate |
| 后 | hòu | afterwards / after |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 认真 | rèn zhēn | conscientious / earnest / serious |
| 思考 | sī kǎo | to reflect on / to ponder over |
| 一阵 | yī zhèn | a burst / a fit / a peal / a spell (period of time) |
| 以后 | yǐ hòu | after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 说 | shuō | to speak; to talk; to say |
| 我 | wǒ | I; me; my |
| 即使 | jí shǐ | even if; even though |
| 夜深人静 | yè shēn rén jìng | in the dead of night (idiom) |
| 代表 | dài biǎo | to represent / to stand for |
| 你 | nǐ | you |
| 礼貌 | lǐ mào | courtesy; politeness; manners |
| 而且 | ér qiě | (not only ...) but also / moreover / in addition / furthermore |
| 静 | jìng | still / calm / quiet / not moving |
| 夜 | yè | night |
| 增添 | zēng tiān | to add / to increase |
| 分 | fèn | part / share / ingredient / component |
| 声响 | shēng xiǎng | sound / noise |
| 再说 | zài shuō | moreover / what's more / besides |
| 起来 | qǐ lái | indicating the beginning and continuation of an action or a state / indicating an upward movement / indicating completion / expressing preliminary judgment |
| 响亮 | xiǎng liàng | loud and clear; resounding |
| 些 | xiē | classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several |
| 连连 | lián lián | repeatedly / again and again |
| 点头 | diǎn tóu | to nod |
| 表示 | biǎo shì | (of sb) to express; to state; to show / (of sth) to indicate; to signify; to show |
| 赞同 | zàn tóng | to approve of; to agree with (an opinion, action etc); to endorse |
| 回 | huí | time / classifier for acts of a play / section or chapter (of a classic book) |
| 不但 | bù dàn | not only (... but also ...) |
| 没 | méi | (negative prefix for verbs) have not; not |
| 受到 | shòu dào | to receive (praise, an education, punishment etc); to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc) |
| 处罚 | chǔ fá | to penalize / to punish |
| 变成 | biàn chéng | to change into / to turn into / to become |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 此 | cǐ | this; these |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 脍炙人口 | kuài zhì rén kǒu | appealing to the masses / universally appreciated (idiom) |
| 常 | cháng | common / general / constant |
| 来 | lái | (between two verbs) in order to |
| 比喻 | bǐ yù | to compare / to liken to |
| 事 | shì | work |
| 或者 | huò zhě | or |
| 写 | xiě | to write |
| 文章 | wén zhāng | article / essay / literary works / writings / hidden meaning |
| 琢磨 | zuó mo | to ponder / to mull over / to think through |
| 仔细 | zǐ xì | careful; attentive; cautious / (dialect) thrifty; frugal |
| 斟酌 | zhēn zhuó | to consider / to deliberate / to fill up a cup to the brim |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 一起 | yī qǐ | together; in company (with) |
| 欣赏 | xīn shǎng | to appreciate; to enjoy; to admire |
| 一下 | yī xià | (after a verb) a bit; a little (indicating brief duration, or softening the tone, or suggesting giving sth a try) |
| 吧 | ba | (modal particle indicating suggestion or surmise) / ...right? / ...OK? / ...I presume. |
| 题 | tí | to inscribe / to mention |
| 幽 | yōu | remote / hidden away / secluded / serene / peaceful / in superstition indicates the underworld / ancient district spanning Liaonang and Hebei provinces |
| 居 | jū | residence / house / restaurant |
| 闲 | xián | leisure |
| 少 | shǎo | few / less |
| 邻 | lín | neighbor |
| 草 | cǎo | grass / straw / manuscript / draft (of a document) |
| 径 | jìng | footpath / track / diameter |
| 入 | rù | to enter; to go into / to join; to become a member of / (bound form) to conform to |
| 荒 | huāng | desolate / scarce / out of practice / absurd / uncultivated |
| 原 | yuán | level / cause / source |
| 过 | guò | to cross / to go over / to pass (time) / to celebrate (a holiday) / to live / to get along |
| 桥 | qiáo | bridge |
| 野 | yě | field / plain / open space / limit / boundary |
| 色 | sè | color / look / appearance / sex |
| 移 | yí | to move / to shift / to change / to alter / to remove |
| 石 | shí | rock / stone / stone inscription |
| 动 | dòng | (of sth) to move / to set in movement / to displace / to touch / to make use of / to stir (emotions) / to alter |
| 云 | yún | cloud |
| 根 | gēn | root / basis / radical (chemistry) |
| 暂 | zàn | temporary |
| 期 | qī | a period of time / phase / stage / time / term / period |
| 负 | fù | to bear / to carry (on one's back) / to turn one's back on / to be defeated |
| 言 | yán | words / speech |