徐霞客是中国明代著名的旅行家、文学家,也是《徐霞客游记》的作者。
他生于1587年,从小聪明却对传统的科举仕途不感兴趣。
他喜欢阅读地理书籍,尤其羡慕古代那些游历四方的旅行家。
怀着“世界那么大,我想去看看”的想法,徐霞客开始了他的旅行人生,并成为中国历史上最早系统考察自然地理的伟大旅行家之一。
徐霞客二十多岁时便开始游历名山大川,足迹遍布大半个中国。
他不仅对美景感兴趣,更对奇险的大自然情有独钟。
三十多年间,他考察了天台山、雁荡山、黄山、庐山、武夷山等众多名山,还深入探访了许多溶洞、岩洞,写下了详细的观察和记录。
例如,在游览黄山时,他发现了黄山是长江水系与钱塘江水系的分水岭,并确定莲花峰是黄山的最高峰。
他的考察不仅体现了极高的观察力,还具有科学精神,为后人研究地理和水文提供了宝贵资料。
徐霞客的旅行日记后来被整理成《徐霞客游记》。
这部作品不仅是文学著作,更是一部包含文化、经济、地理等知识的科学著作。
书中描写了许多自然奇景,也记录了他面对恶劣天气、艰难环境时的坚韧精神。
他曾说,“凡世间奇险瑰丽之观,常在险处”,展现了他不惧困难、勇于探险的性格。
徐霞客被视为传统文化与自然精神的象征。
他的旅行精神和求真态度激励了无数人探索未知的世界。
“中国旅游日”的设立便是为了纪念他,鼓励人们亲近自然、热爱生活。
他的《徐霞客游记》也成为珍贵的文化遗产,让后人从中感受到中华传统文化的魅力和智慧。
徐霞客的一生是充满探索与发现的一生。
他不仅留下了精彩的旅行故事,也让我们学会如何用热爱与坚持面对人生。
正如他所写,“达人所之未达,探人所之未知”,他的游记被誉为“千古奇书”,他更无愧于“千古奇人”的称号。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
narration saved locally, offline — from https://download.mandarinbean.com/audio?source=aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFmZmljLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vc2VjdXJlL2xlYXJuY2hpbmVzZS82MTM2Lm1wMw&filename=Traveler-Xu-Xiake.mp3&signature=b9c6bd679fc1f51f724399d6b07c1b2e1090aed51292583f88245593739038ab
| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 徐霞客 | Xú Xiá kè | Xu Xiake (1587-1641), Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 中国 | Zhōng guó | China |
| 明代 | Míng dài | the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) |
| 著名 | zhù míng | famous / noted / well-known / celebrated |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 旅行家 | lǚ xíng jiā | a traveler; an explorer |
| 文学家 | wén xué jiā | writer / man of letters |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 游记 | yóu jì | travel notes |
| 作者 | zuò zhě | author; writer |
| 他 | tā | he; him; his |
| 生 | shēng | to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born / to arise; to occur / to light (a fire) |
| 于 | yú | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 小 | xiǎo | young |
| 聪明 | cōng míng | intelligent; clever; bright / acute (of sight and hearing) |
| 却 | què | but / yet / however / while / nevertheless / even though |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 传统 | chuán tǒng | traditional / conventional |
| 科举 | kē jǔ | imperial examination |
| 仕途 | shì tú | official career (formal) |
| 不 | bù | no; not so |
| 感兴趣 | gǎn xìng qù | to be interested |
| 喜欢 | xǐ huan | to like; to be fond of |
| 阅读 | yuè dú | to read |
| 地理 | dì lǐ | geography |
| 书籍 | shū jí | books / works |
| 尤其 | yóu qí | especially; particularly |
| 羡慕 | xiàn mù | to envy / to admire |
| 古代 | gǔ dài | ancient times |
| 那些 | nà xiē | those |
| 游历 | yóu lì | to tour / to travel |
| 四方 | sì fāng | in all directions / everywhere |
| 怀 | huái | to think of / to harbor in one's mind / to conceive (a child) |
| 着 | zhe | aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state |
| 世界 | shì jiè | world |
| 那么 | nà me | like that; in that way; to that extent |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 我 | wǒ | I; me; my |
| 想 | xiǎng | to desire; to want (to) |
| 去 | qù | to go, to go to |
| 看 | kàn | to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for |
| 想法 | xiǎng fǎ | way of thinking; opinion; notion |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 他的 | tā de | his; belonging to him |
| 旅行 | lǚ xíng | journey; trip |
| 人生 | rén shēng | life (one's time on earth) |
| 并 | bìng | furthermore / also / simultaneously |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 历史 | lì shǐ | history |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 早 | zǎo | early |
| 系统 | xì tǒng | system |
| 考察 | kǎo chá | to inspect / to observe and study |
| 自然 | zì rán | natural |
| 伟大 | wěi dà | huge; great; grand; worthy of the greatest admiration; important (contribution etc) |
| 之一 | zhī yī | one of (sth) / one out of a multitude / one (third, quarter, percent etc) |
| 二十 | èr shí | twenty; 20 |
| 多 | duō | (after a numeral) ... odd |
| 岁 | suì | classifier for years (of age) |
| 时 | shí | when |
| 便 | biàn | equivalent to 就[jiu4]: then / in that case |
| 名 | míng | famous |
| 山 | shān | mountain; hill / (coll.) small bundle of straw for silkworms to spin cocoons on |
| 川 | chuān | (bound form) river / creek / plain / an area of level country |
| 足迹 | zú jì | footprint / track / spoor |
| 遍布 | biàn bù | to cover the whole (area) / to be found throughout |
| 半 | bàn | half / semi- |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 不仅 | bù jǐn | not just; not limited to / (as a correlative conjunction) not only (..., but also ...) |
| 美 | měi | beautiful / very satisfactory; good |
| 景 | jǐng | (bound form) scenery / circumstance / situation / scene (of a play) / (literary) sunlight |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 奇 | qí | strange / odd / weird / wonderful |
| 险 | xiǎn | dangerous / rugged |
| 情有独钟 | qíng yǒu dú zhōng | to have a special fondness (for sth) |
| 三十 | sān shí | thirty / 30 |
| 间 | jiān | between / among / within a definite time or space |
| 天台山 | Tiān tāi Shān | Mt Tiantai near Shaoxing in Zhejiang |
| 雁荡山 | Yàn dàng shān | Yandang mountains, famous scenic area in southeast Zhejiang |
| 黄山 | Huáng Shān | Huangshan, mountain range in Anhui province |
| 庐山 | Lú shān | Lushan district of Jiujiang city 九江市, Jiangxi / Mt Lushan in Jiujiang, famous as summer holiday spot |
| 武夷山 | Wǔ yí shān | Mt Wuyi in Fujian / Wuyishan National Nature Reserve |
| 等 | děng | and so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration) |
| 众多 | zhòng duō | numerous |
| 还 | hái | in addition, also, else, even |
| 深入 | shēn rù | to penetrate deeply |
| 探访 | tàn fǎng | to seek by inquiry or search / to call on / to visit |
| 许多 | xǔ duō | many / a lot of / much |
| 溶洞 | róng dòng | (geology) solutional cave (typically, a limestone cave) |
| 岩洞 | yán dòng | a rock cave; a cave in rock |
| 写 | xiě | to write |
| 下 | xià | down / downwards / below |
| 详细 | xiáng xì | detailed / minute |
| 观察 | guān chá | to observe; to watch; to survey |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 记录 | jì lù | record (written account) / record (in sports etc) |
| 例如 | lì rú | for example; for instance; such as |
| 在 | zài | (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) |
| 游览 | yóu lǎn | to go sightseeing / to tour / to visit |
| 发现 | fā xiàn | to notice; to become aware of / to discover; to find; to detect |
| 长江 | Cháng Jiāng | Yangtze River, or Chang Jiang |
| 水系 | shuǐ xì | drainage system |
| 与 | yǔ | (formal) and; together with (linking parallel nouns, verbs, or phrases) |
| 钱塘江 | Qián táng Jiāng | Qiantang River, the principal river of Zhejiang Province, eastern China |
| 分水岭 | fēn shuǐ lǐng | dividing range / drainage divide / (fig.) dividing line / watershed |
| 确定 | què dìng | to fix (on sth) / to determine / to be sure / to ensure / to make certain / to ascertain / to clinch / to recognize / to confirm |
| 莲花峰 | Lián huā Fēng | Lotus Peak; the highest peak of Huangshan (Mount Huang). |
| 高 | gāo | high / tall / above average / loud |
| 峰 | fēng | (of a mountain) high and tapered peak or summit / mountain-like in appearance / highest level |
| 体现 | tǐ xiàn | to embody / to reflect / to incarnate |
| 极 | jí | extremely |
| 观察力 | guān chá lì | power of observation / perception |
| 具有 | jù yǒu | to have; to possess |
| 科学 | kē xué | scientific / rational |
| 精神 | jīng shén | spirit / mind / consciousness / thought / mental / psychological |
| 为 | wèi | because of / for / to |
| 后人 | hòu rén | later generation |
| 研究 | yán jiū | to research / to look into |
| 水文 | shuǐ wén | hydrology |
| 提供 | tí gōng | to offer / to supply / to provide / to furnish |
| 宝贵 | bǎo guì | valuable / precious |
| 资料 | zī liào | material / resources / data / information / profile (Internet) |
| 日记 | rì jì | diary |
| 后来 | hòu lái | afterwards; later |
| 被 | bèi | used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes |
| 整理 | zhěng lǐ | to arrange / to tidy up / to sort out / to straighten out / to list systematically / to collate (data, files) / to pack (luggage) |
| 成 | chéng | to succeed / to finish / to complete / to accomplish / to become / to turn into / to be all right |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 部 | bù | classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc |
| 作品 | zuò pǐn | work (of art) / opus |
| 文学 | wén xué | literature |
| 著作 | zhù zuò | literary work / book / article / writings |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 包含 | bāo hán | to contain / to embody / to include |
| 文化 | wén huà | culture / civilization |
| 经济 | jīng jì | economy |
| 知识 | zhī shi | knowledge |
| 书 | shū | book |
| 中 | zhōng | within; among; in |
| 描写 | miáo xiě | to describe; to depict; to portray |
| 面对 | miàn duì | to face; to confront |
| 恶劣 | è liè | vile / nasty / of very poor quality |
| 天气 | tiān qì | weather |
| 艰难 | jiān nán | difficult / hard / challenging |
| 环境 | huán jìng | environment / circumstances / surroundings |
| 坚韧 | jiān rèn | tough and durable / tenacious |
| 曾 | céng | once / already / ever (in the past) / former / previously / (past tense marker used before verb or clause) |
| 说 | shuō | to speak; to talk; to say |
| 凡 | fán | every / all / whatever / altogether |
| 世 | shì | life / age / generation / era / world / lifetime / epoch / descendant |
| 瑰丽 | guī lì | elegant / magnificent / exceptionally beautiful |
| 之 | zhī | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]) |
| 观 | guān | to look at / to watch / to observe / to behold / to advise |
| 常 | cháng | always / ever / often / frequently |
| 处 | chù | (bound form) place; locality / (bound form) part; aspect / (bound form) office; department; bureau |
| 展现 | zhǎn xiàn | to unfold before one's eyes; to emerge; to reveal; to display |
| 惧 | jù | to fear |
| 困难 | kùn nan | straitened circumstances / difficult situation |
| 勇于 | yǒng yú | to dare to / to be brave enough to |
| 探险 | tàn xiǎn | to explore / to go on an expedition |
| 性格 | xìng gé | nature / disposition / temperament / character |
| 视 | shì | (literary, or bound form) to look at |
| 象征 | xiàng zhēng | symbol; emblem |
| 求真 | qiú zhēn | seek truth; pursue factual accuracy and truthfulness |
| 态度 | tài dù | manner / bearing / attitude / approach |
| 激励 | jī lì | to encourage / to urge |
| 无数 | wú shù | countless / numberless / innumerable |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 探索 | tàn suǒ | to explore; to probe |
| 未知 | wèi zhī | unknown |
| 旅游 | lǚ yóu | trip / journey / tourism / travel / tour |
| 日 | rì | sun / day / date, day of the month |
| 设立 | shè lì | to set up; to establish |
| 为了 | wèi le | for; for the purpose of; in order to |
| 纪念 | jì niàn | to commemorate; to honor the memory of |
| 鼓励 | gǔ lì | to encourage |
| 人们 | rén men | people |
| 亲近 | qīn jìn | to get close to |
| 热爱 | rè ài | to love ardently / to adore |
| 生活 | shēng huó | life / livelihood |
| 珍贵 | zhēn guì | precious |
| 遗产 | yí chǎn | heritage / legacy / inheritance / bequest |
| 让 | ràng | to permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc) |
| 感受 | gǎn shòu | to sense / to feel (through the senses) / to experience |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 中华 | Zhōng huá | Zhonghua, historical and cultural term for China, often used to denote Chinese civilization and identity |
| 魅力 | mèi lì | charm / fascination / glamor / charisma |
| 智慧 | zhì huì | wisdom; intelligence |
| 一生 | yī shēng | all one's life; throughout one's life |
| 充满 | chōng mǎn | full of / brimming with / very full / permeated |
| 留下 | liú xia | to leave behind / to stay behind / to remain / to keep / not to let (sb) go |
| 精彩 | jīng cǎi | wonderful / marvelous / brilliant |
| 故事 | gù shi | narrative; story; tale |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 学会 | xué huì | to learn; to master |
| 如何 | rú hé | how / what way / what |
| 用 | yòng | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using |
| 坚持 | jiān chí | to persevere with / to persist in / to insist on |
| 正 | zhèng | exactly / just (at that time) / right (in that place) |
| 如 | rú | as / as if / such as |
| 所 | suǒ | particle introducing a relative clause or passive |
| 达 | dá | to attain / to reach / to amount to / to communicate |
| 未 | wèi | not yet / did not / have not / not |
| 探 | tàn | to explore / to search out / to scout / to visit / to stretch forward |
| 知 | zhī | to know / to be aware |
| 誉 | yù | to praise / to acclaim |
| 千古 | qiān gǔ | for all eternity / throughout all ages |
| 无愧 | wú kuì | to have a clear conscience; to feel no qualms; to be worthy of (sth) |
| 称号 | chēng hào | name / term of address / title |