世界各地很多人都很喜欢喝酒。
你知道酒的历史吗？
据说，公元前一万年时，人类就已经开始酿酒了，但并没有历史资料可以证明。
人类饮用啤酒的最早证据出现在9000年前的中国北方。
这种古老的啤酒用山楂、葡萄、大米和蜂蜜制作，是目前历史上已知最古老的酿造饮料，比葡萄酒的历史还长。
据记载，大约公元前5000年埃及人开始酿造啤酒，他们使用枣、石榴和其他本地植物进行酿造。
在大约公元前3150年时，埃及人建造了工业化的酿酒厂，为修建金字塔的工人供应啤酒。
最终啤酒从中东传到了欧洲，那里有大量的大麦可以用来酿酒。
慢慢地，啤酒也就成为了我们今天熟悉的酒。
研究认为，史前人类会饮酒庆祝各种节日和聚会。
因为酒精能使人们感到更自由、更有精神，所以饮酒或许能帮助人们变得更有创造性，促进语言、艺术和宗教的发展。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
narration saved locally, offline — from https://download.mandarinbean.com/audio?source=aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFmZmljLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vc2VjdXJlL2xlYXJuY2hpbmVzZS81MTM2Lm1wMw&filename=The-long-history-of-beer.mp3&signature=dd538c739dd1fe778d00ee8cb5c8ac559c4f418656a1d738119983c14462403a
| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 世界 | shì jiè | world |
| 各 | gè | each / every |
| 地 | dì | earth / ground / field / place / land |
| 很多 | hěn duō | many; a lot of |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 都 | dōu | all; both; entirely |
| 很 | hěn | very; quite |
| 喜欢 | xǐ huan | to like; to be fond of |
| 喝 | hē | to drink |
| 酒 | jiǔ | wine (esp. rice wine) / liquor / spirits / alcoholic beverage |
| 你 | nǐ | you |
| 知道 | zhī dào | to know; to become aware of |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 历史 | lì shǐ | history |
| 吗 | ma | (question particle for "yes-no" questions) |
| 据说 | jù shuō | it is said that; reportedly |
| 公元 | gōng yuán | CE (Common Era) / Christian Era / AD (Anno Domini) |
| 前 | qián | ago / before / BC / former / formerly |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 万 | wàn | ten thousand / a great number |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 时 | shí | when |
| 人类 | rén lèi | humanity / human race / mankind |
| 就 | jiù | merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | already |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 酿 | niàng | to ferment / to brew / to make honey (of bees) / to lead to / to form gradually |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 但 | dàn | but; yet; however; still |
| 并 | bìng | (not) at all |
| 没有 | méi yǒu | to not have |
| 资料 | zī liào | material / resources / data / information / profile (Internet) |
| 可以 | kě yǐ | can / may / possible / able to |
| 证明 | zhèng míng | to prove / to testify / to confirm the truth of |
| 饮用 | yǐn yòng | drink / drinking or drinkable (water) |
| 啤酒 | pí jiǔ | beer (loanword) |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 早 | zǎo | early |
| 证据 | zhèng jù | evidence / proof / testimony |
| 出现 | chū xiàn | to appear / to arise / to emerge / to show up |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 中国 | Zhōng guó | China |
| 北方 | běi fāng | north / the northern part a country / China north of the Yellow River |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 种 | zhǒng | classifier for types, kinds, sorts |
| 古老 | gǔ lǎo | ancient / old / age-old |
| 用 | yòng | to use; to make use of; to employ / (coverb) with; using |
| 山楂 | shān zhā | Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) |
| 葡萄 | pú tao | grape |
| 大米 | dà mǐ | (husked) rice |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 蜂蜜 | fēng mì | honey |
| 制作 | zhì zuò | to make; to manufacture |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 目前 | mù qián | at the present time / currently |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 已知 | yǐ zhī | known (to science) |
| 酿造 | niàng zào | to brew / to make (wine, vinegar, soybean paste etc) by fermentation |
| 饮料 | yǐn liào | drink / beverage |
| 比 | bǐ | (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun} / (in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese) |
| 葡萄酒 | pú tao jiǔ | (grape) wine |
| 还 | hái | even more, still more |
| 长 | cháng | long |
| 据 | jù | according to |
| 记载 | jì zǎi | written account |
| 大约 | dà yuē | approximately |
| 埃及人 | Āi jí rén | Egyptian; a person from Egypt. |
| 他们 | tā men | they; them |
| 使用 | shǐ yòng | to use / to employ / to apply / to make use of |
| 枣 | zǎo | (bound form) jujube; Chinese date (Zizyphus jujuba) |
| 石榴 | shí liu | pomegranate |
| 其他 | qí tā | other / (sth or sb) else / the rest |
| 本地 | běn dì | local |
| 植物 | zhí wù | plant / vegetation |
| 进行 | jìn xíng | (of a process etc) to proceed; to be in progress; to be underway |
| 建造 | jiàn zào | to construct; to build |
| 工业 | gōng yè | industry |
| 化 | huà | -ization |
| 厂 | chǎng | factory / yard / depot / workhouse / works / (industrial) plant |
| 为 | wèi | because of / for / to |
| 修建 | xiū jiàn | to build / to construct |
| 金字塔 | jīn zì tǎ | pyramid (building or structure) |
| 工人 | gōng rén | worker |
| 供应 | gōng yìng | to supply; to provide (goods, services etc) |
| 最终 | zuì zhōng | final; ultimate |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 中东 | Zhōng dōng | Middle East |
| 传 | chuán | to pass on / to spread / to transmit / to infect / to transfer / to circulate / to conduct (electricity) |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 欧洲 | Ōu zhōu | Europe |
| 那里 | nà lǐ | there; that place |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 大量 | dà liàng | great amount / large quantity / bulk |
| 大麦 | dà mài | barley |
| 来 | lái | (between two verbs) in order to |
| 慢慢 | màn màn | slowly; gradually |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 今天 | jīn tiān | the present time; now |
| 熟悉 | shú xi | to be familiar with; to know well |
| 研究 | yán jiū | research / a study |
| 认为 | rèn wéi | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel |
| 史前 | shǐ qián | prehistoric times; (attributive) prehistoric |
| 会 | huì | can; to have the skill; to know how to |
| 饮 | yǐn | to drink |
| 庆祝 | qìng zhù | to celebrate |
| 节日 | jié rì | holiday / festival |
| 聚会 | jù huì | party / gathering |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 酒精 | jiǔ jīng | (coll.) ethanol; ethyl alcohol |
| 能 | néng | can / to be able to / might possibly |
| 使 | shǐ | to make / to cause / to enable |
| 人们 | rén men | people |
| 感到 | gǎn dào | to feel; to sense; to perceive |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 自由 | zì yóu | free; unrestricted |
| 有精神 | yǒu jīng shén | energetic; lively; in good spirits |
| 所以 | suǒ yǐ | therefore / as a result / so |
| 或许 | huò xǔ | perhaps; maybe |
| 帮助 | bāng zhù | to help; to assist |
| 变 | biàn | to change / to become different / to transform / to vary |
| 得 | de | structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc |
| 创造性 | chuàng zào xìng | creativeness / creativity |
| 促进 | cù jìn | to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost |
| 语言 | yǔ yán | language |
| 艺术 | yì shù | art |
| 宗教 | zōng jiào | religion |
| 发展 | fā zhǎn | development / growth |