根据2016年的数据,中国大中城市生活垃圾为18850.5万吨,医疗废物约为72.1万吨。
据此估算,当年有害生活垃圾约为180多万吨,约为同年医疗废物量的2.6倍。
有害生活垃圾数量大,但中国对其收集、处置还处于起步阶段。
有害垃圾,主要分为行业源和家庭源危险废物。
其中家庭源危险废物主要包括废药品及其包装物,废杀虫剂和消毒剂及其包装物,废矿物油及其包装物,废胶片,废灯管、废温度计、废血压计、废电池以及电子类危险废物等。
针对医疗废弃物、工业危险废物,中国已经建立起了较为严格的回收处置制度,但公众对于废电池、废温度计、废杀虫剂等日常生活中产生的有害垃圾危害性却认识不足,部分有害垃圾流向不明。
专家建议应该加强基础工作,比如:首先,加强针对有害垃圾的制度设计。
其次,完善城市基础设施建设规划,保障有害垃圾回收处理和其他人员、资金等的需求。
第三,制定优先管理和收集废物品类,加大有害垃圾处理技术的研发和设施建设。
第四,加强有害垃圾分类的宣传工作,开展人员培训,对相关管理提供支持。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
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| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 根据 | gēn jù | according to / based on |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 数据 | shù jù | data |
| 中国 | Zhōng guó | China |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 中 | zhōng | middle; center |
| 城市 | chéng shì | city; town |
| 生活 | shēng huó | life / livelihood |
| 垃圾 | lā jī | trash / refuse / garbage |
| 为 | wéi | to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do |
| 万 | wàn | ten thousand / a great number |
| 吨 | dūn | ton (loanword) |
| 医疗 | yī liáo | medical treatment |
| 废物 | fèi wù | rubbish; waste material / useless person |
| 约 | yuē | approximately |
| 据 | jù | according to |
| 此 | cǐ | this; these |
| 估算 | gū suàn | assessment / evaluation |
| 当年 | dàng nián | that very same year |
| 有害 | yǒu hài | destructive / harmful / damaging |
| 多 | duō | (after a numeral) ... odd |
| 同 | tóng | like / same / similar / alike |
| 量 | liàng | capacity / quantity / amount |
| 倍 | bèi | (two, three etc) -fold / times (multiplier) / double |
| 数量 | shù liàng | amount; quantity / (math.) scalar quantity |
| 但 | dàn | but; yet; however; still |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 其 | qí | it (refers to sth preceding it) |
| 收集 | shōu jí | to gather / to collect |
| 处置 | chǔ zhì | to handle / to take care of / to punish |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 处于 | chǔ yú | to be in (some state, position, or condition) |
| 起步 | qǐ bù | the start (of some activity) |
| 阶段 | jiē duàn | stage / section / phase / period |
| 主要 | zhǔ yào | main; principal; major; primary |
| 分为 | fēn wéi | to divide sth into (parts); to subdivide |
| 行业 | háng yè | trade; profession; industry; business |
| 源 | yuán | root / source / origin |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 家庭 | jiā tíng | family; household |
| 危险 | wēi xiǎn | dangerous |
| 其中 | qí zhōng | among / in / included among these |
| 包括 | bāo kuò | to comprise / to include / to involve / to incorporate / to consist of |
| 废 | fèi | waste |
| 药品 | yào pǐn | medicaments / medicine / drug |
| 及其 | jí qí | (conjunction linking two nouns) and its ...; and their ...; and his ...; and her ... |
| 包装 | bāo zhuāng | packaging; packing materials |
| 物 | wù | (bound form) thing / (literary) the outside world as distinct from oneself; people other than oneself |
| 杀虫剂 | shā chóng jì | insecticide / pesticide |
| 消毒剂 | xiāo dú jì | disinfectant |
| 矿物油 | kuàng wù yóu | mineral oil; petroleum-derived oil |
| 包装物 | bāo zhuāng wù | packaging |
| 胶片 | jiāo piàn | (photographic) film |
| 灯管 | dēng guǎn | fluorescent light |
| 温度计 | wēn dù jì | thermometer / thermograph |
| 血压计 | xuè yā jì | blood pressure meter / sphygmomanometer |
| 电池 | diàn chí | battery; electric cell |
| 以及 | yǐ jí | and; as well as |
| 电子类 | diàn zǐ lèi | electronic-category |
| 等 | děng | and so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration) |
| 针对 | zhēn duì | to target; to focus on; to be aimed at or against; in response to |
| 废弃物 | fèi qì wù | waste; discarded materials or refuse. |
| 工业 | gōng yè | industry |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | already |
| 建立 | jiàn lì | to establish / to set up / to found |
| 起 | qǐ | to rise / to raise / to get up / to set out / to start / to appear / to launch / to initiate (action) / to draft / to establish / to get (from a depot or counter) |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 较为 | jiào wéi | comparatively / relatively / fairly |
| 严格 | yán gé | strict; stringent; tight; rigorous |
| 回收 | huí shōu | to recycle / to reclaim / to retrieve / to recover / to recall (a defective product) |
| 制度 | zhì dù | system / institution |
| 公众 | gōng zhòng | public |
| 对于 | duì yú | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to |
| 日常 | rì cháng | day-to-day; daily; everyday |
| 产生 | chǎn shēng | to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate |
| 危害性 | wēi hài xìng | harmfulness |
| 却 | què | but / yet / however / while / nevertheless / even though |
| 认识 | rèn shi | knowledge / understanding / awareness / cognition |
| 不足 | bù zú | insufficient / lacking / not enough / inadequate |
| 部分 | bù fen | part; portion; piece |
| 流向 | liú xiàng | direction of a current / direction of flow |
| 不明 | bù míng | not clear / unknown |
| 专家 | zhuān jiā | expert; specialist |
| 建议 | jiàn yì | to propose; to suggest; to recommend |
| 应该 | yīng gāi | ought to; should; must |
| 加强 | jiā qiáng | to reinforce; to strengthen; to enhance |
| 基础 | jī chǔ | basic; fundamental |
| 工作 | gōng zuò | job / work / task |
| 比如 | bǐ rú | for example; for instance; such as |
| 首先 | shǒu xiān | first of all; in the first place |
| 设计 | shè jì | to design; to plan |
| 其次 | qí cì | next / secondly |
| 完善 | wán shàn | to refine / to improve |
| 设施 | shè shī | facilities / installation |
| 建设 | jiàn shè | to build; to construct; to establish; to develop; to institute |
| 规划 | guī huà | a plan; a program |
| 保障 | bǎo zhàng | to ensure / to guarantee / to safeguard |
| 处理 | chǔ lǐ | to treat sth by a special process; to process |
| 其他 | qí tā | other / (sth or sb) else / the rest |
| 人员 | rén yuán | staff / crew / personnel |
| 资金 | zī jīn | funds; capital |
| 需求 | xū qiú | requirement / (economics) demand |
| 第 | dì | (prefix indicating ordinal number) |
| 三 | sān | three / 3 |
| 制定 | zhì dìng | to draw up; to formulate |
| 优先 | yōu xiān | to have priority; to take precedence |
| 管理 | guǎn lǐ | to supervise / to manage / to administer |
| 品类 | pǐn lèi | category / kind |
| 加大 | jiā dà | to increase |
| 技术 | jì shù | technology; technique; skill |
| 研发 | yán fā | research and development |
| 四 | sì | four / 4 |
| 分类 | fēn lèi | to classify |
| 宣传 | xuān chuán | to disseminate / to give publicity to |
| 开展 | kāi zhǎn | to launch / to develop / to unfold / (of an exhibition etc) to open |
| 培训 | péi xùn | training |
| 相关 | xiāng guān | related / relevant / pertinent |
| 提供 | tí gōng | to offer / to supply / to provide / to furnish |
| 支持 | zhī chí | support / backing |