MBTI是一种流行的性格测试,可以让你知道你是16种性格类型中的哪一种。
比如,ENFJ这种类型的人通常有领导力,而INTJ这种类型的人则是理性和果断的。
这个测试有长版也有快速版,很多人觉得测出的结果很准,就像科学版的算命。
现在,这个测试在网上非常火,特别是在年轻人中很受欢迎。
MBTI的全名是迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标,由两位美国作家在20世纪40年代制作。
著名心理学家荣格把人的性格分成了8种类型,这个测试就是基于荣格的理论。
后来,迈尔斯和布里格斯在此基础上加了一个维度,变成了16种类型。
专家们认为,MBTI之所以流行,是因为它符合人脑的工作方式,能让人们很快分类理解事物。
虽然现在有更科学的性格测试方法,但因为不易理解,所以不如MBTI流行。
16种性格类型真的科学吗?
能定义我们吗?
北京师范大学的教授王芳表示,性格测试只是帮助我们了解自己的一个方式,不应该成为选择职业的主要依据。
因为人格不是固定不变的,兴趣、能力和价值观也很重要。
有研究表明,MBTI类型和工作表现之间的关联很小。
MBTI更多地测量的是我们的偏好,而不是能力。
MBTI测试可能反映的是一个理想化的自己。
尽管MBTI有心理学的背景,但它的科学性还是有争议的。
一方面,它的基础理论没有经过实证检验;
另一方面,科学的测试需要通过信度和效度的检验,而MBTI在这方面不够强。
有人对MBTI的准确性表示怀疑,因为他们测了好几次,每次的结果都不一样。
一般的性格测试让人从不同意到非常同意中选择,这样可以更精确地表达自己的状态。
而MBTI的测试题目通常是二选一,这使得结果更绝对。
而大多数人其实都处于中间状态,这也是为什么有些人多测几次会得到不同结果的原因。
人与人之间其实差异没有我们想象的那么大,全世界的人不可能只分为16类。
这也显示了这类测试的不科学之处。
MBTI的流行也带来了一些问题,比如让人自我固化。
有的网友说,通过MBTI测试,他们找到了和自己性格相似的人,这让他们感到不再孤单。
但专家提醒,我们不应该因为性格测试的结果而限制了自己的可能性。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
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| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 种 | zhǒng | classifier for types, kinds, sorts |
| 流行 | liú xíng | (of a style of clothing, song etc) popular / fashionable |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 性格 | xìng gé | nature / disposition / temperament / character |
| 测试 | cè shì | a test / (computing) beta (version of software) |
| 可以 | kě yǐ | can / may / possible / able to |
| 让 | ràng | to permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc) |
| 你 | nǐ | you |
| 知道 | zhī dào | to know; to become aware of |
| 类型 | lèi xíng | type; kind; category / (computer programming) type |
| 中 | zhōng | within; among; in |
| 哪 | nǎ | which |
| 比如 | bǐ rú | for example; for instance; such as |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 通常 | tōng cháng | usually; normally |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 领导 | lǐng dǎo | lead / leading / leadership / leader |
| 力 | lì | power / force / strength / ability |
| 而 | ér | but (not) / yet (not) / (indicates contrast) |
| 则 | zé | (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then |
| 理性 | lǐ xìng | rational |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 果断 | guǒ duàn | firm / decisive |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 长 | cháng | long |
| 版 | bǎn | a register / block of printing / edition / version / page |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 快 | kuài | rapid / quick |
| 速 | sù | fast / rapid / quick |
| 很多 | hěn duō | many; a lot of |
| 觉得 | jué de | to think that ...; to feel that ... |
| 测出 | cè chū | to measure and find out; to detect the result of a test |
| 结果 | jié guǒ | outcome; result; consequence |
| 很 | hěn | very; quite |
| 准 | zhǔn | accurate / standard / quasi- / para- |
| 就 | jiù | merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly |
| 像 | xiàng | to resemble / to be like / to look as if |
| 科学 | kē xué | scientific / rational |
| 算命 | suàn mìng | fortune-telling |
| 现在 | xiàn zài | now; at present; currently |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 网 | wǎng | net; web / network |
| 上 | shàng | (noun suffix) on; above |
| 非常 | fēi cháng | very; really |
| 火 | huǒ | urgent / fiery or flaming / hot (popular) |
| 特别 | tè bié | very; especially; particularly / in particular |
| 年轻 | nián qīng | young |
| 受 | shòu | subjected to / (passive marker) |
| 欢迎 | huān yíng | welcome |
| 全 | quán | all / whole / entire / every / complete |
| 名 | míng | name |
| 迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标 | Mài ěr sī Bù lǐ gé sī lèi xíng zhǐ biāo | Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a personality assessment framework. |
| 由 | yóu | from / because of; due to / by; via; through / (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... |
| 两 | liǎng | two / both / some / a few |
| 位 | wèi | classifier for people (honorific) |
| 美国 | Měi guó | United States; USA; US |
| 作家 | zuò jiā | author |
| 世纪 | shì jì | century |
| 年代 | nián dài | a decade of a century / age / era / period |
| 制作 | zhì zuò | to make; to manufacture |
| 著名 | zhù míng | famous / noted / well-known / celebrated |
| 心理学家 | xīn lǐ xué jiā | psychologist |
| 荣格 | Róng gé | Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), Swiss psychiatrist |
| 把 | bǎ | (used to put the object before the verb: 把[ba3] + {noun} + {verb}) |
| 分成 | fēn chéng | to divide (into) / to split a bonus / to break into |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 基于 | jī yú | because of / on the basis of / in view of / on account of |
| 理论 | lǐ lùn | theory |
| 后来 | hòu lái | afterwards; later |
| 迈尔斯 | Mài ěr sī | Myers |
| 布里格斯 | Bù lǐ gé sī | Briggs |
| 此 | cǐ | this; these |
| 基础 | jī chǔ | base; foundation; basis |
| 加 | jiā | to add / to increase; to augment |
| 维度 | wéi dù | dimension (math.) / dimensionality |
| 变成 | biàn chéng | to change into / to turn into / to become |
| 专家 | zhuān jiā | expert; specialist |
| 们 | men | plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals |
| 认为 | rèn wéi | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel |
| 之所以 | zhī suǒ yǐ | (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 它 | tā | it |
| 符合 | fú hé | in accordance with; to agree with; to conform to; to meet (a requirement) |
| 脑 | nǎo | brain / mind / head / essence |
| 工作 | gōng zuò | to work / (of a machine) to operate |
| 方式 | fāng shì | way; method; manner; mode; pattern (of behavior etc) |
| 能 | néng | can / to be able to / might possibly |
| 人们 | rén men | people |
| 分类 | fēn lèi | to classify |
| 理解 | lǐ jiě | to comprehend; to understand |
| 事物 | shì wù | thing; object |
| 虽然 | suī rán | although; even though |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 方法 | fāng fǎ | method; way; technique; procedure |
| 但 | dàn | but; yet; however; still |
| 不 | bù | no; not so |
| 易 | yì | easy / amiable / prefix corresponding to the English adjective suffix "-able" or "-ible" |
| 所以 | suǒ yǐ | therefore / as a result / so |
| 不如 | bù rú | not equal to; not as good as; inferior to / it would be better to |
| 真的 | zhēn de | really; truly; indeed |
| 吗 | ma | (question particle for "yes-no" questions) |
| 定义 | dìng yì | to define |
| 我们 | wǒ men | we; us; ourselves; our |
| 北京师范大学 | Běi jīng Shī fàn Dà xué | Beijing Normal University |
| 教授 | jiào shòu | professor |
| 王芳 | Wáng Fāng | a person's name: Wang Fang |
| 表示 | biǎo shì | (of sb) to express; to state; to show / (of sth) to indicate; to signify; to show |
| 只 | zhǐ | only; merely; just |
| 帮助 | bāng zhù | to help; to assist |
| 了解 | liǎo jiě | to understand / to realize / to find out |
| 自己 | zì jǐ | oneself; (attributive) one's own |
| 应该 | yīng gāi | ought to; should; must |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 选择 | xuǎn zé | to select; to pick |
| 职业 | zhí yè | occupation; profession; vocation |
| 主要 | zhǔ yào | main; principal; major; primary |
| 依据 | yī jù | basis / foundation |
| 人格 | rén gé | personality / integrity / dignity |
| 不是 | bù shì | is not |
| 固定 | gù dìng | fixed / set / regular |
| 变 | biàn | to change / to become different / to transform / to vary |
| 兴趣 | xìng qù | interest (desire to know about sth) / interest; hobby |
| 能力 | néng lì | capability / ability |
| 价值观 | jià zhí guān | value system; personal or cultural values |
| 重要 | zhòng yào | important; significant; major |
| 研究 | yán jiū | research / a study |
| 表明 | biǎo míng | to make clear / to make known / to state clearly / to indicate |
| 表现 | biǎo xiàn | expression / manifestation / show / display / performance (at work etc) / behavior |
| 之间 | zhī jiān | (after a noun) between; among; amid |
| 关联 | guān lián | relationship; connection |
| 小 | xiǎo | small / tiny / few |
| 更多 | gèng duō | more; greater in amount, degree, or number |
| 地 | de | -ly / structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct |
| 测量 | cè liáng | to measure / to gauge / to determine |
| 偏好 | piān hào | to have a special liking (for sth) |
| 可能 | kě néng | might (happen) / maybe / perhaps |
| 反映 | fǎn yìng | to mirror / to reflect / mirror image / reflection |
| 理想化 | lǐ xiǎng huà | to idealize |
| 尽管 | jǐn guǎn | despite / although / even though / in spite of |
| 心理学 | xīn lǐ xué | psychology |
| 背景 | bèi jǐng | background; backdrop; context / (fig.) powerful backer |
| 性 | xìng | suffix forming adjective from verb / suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity |
| 还是 | hái shi | still (as before) |
| 争议 | zhēng yì | controversy / dispute |
| 方面 | fāng miàn | respect / aspect / field / side |
| 没有 | méi yǒu | haven't / hasn't |
| 经过 | jīng guò | to pass / to go through |
| 实证 | shí zhèng | empirical |
| 检验 | jiǎn yàn | to inspect / to examine / to test |
| 另 | lìng | other / another / separate |
| 需要 | xū yào | to need; to want; to demand; to require |
| 通过 | tōng guò | to pass through; to get through / to adopt (a resolution); to pass (legislation) / to pass (a test) |
| 信度 | xìn dù | reliability; the degree to which a test or measurement produces consistent results |
| 效度 | xiào dù | validity; the degree to which a test or measure accurately measures what it is intended to measure |
| 够 | gòu | enough (sufficient) / enough (too much) |
| 强 | qiáng | strong / powerful / better / vigorous / violent / best in their category |
| 有人 | yǒu rén | someone / people / anyone |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 准确性 | zhǔn què xìng | accuracy |
| 怀疑 | huái yí | to doubt (sth); to be skeptical of / to have one's doubts; to harbor suspicions; to suspect that |
| 他们 | tā men | they; them |
| 测 | cè | to survey / to measure / to conjecture |
| 好 | hǎo | (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so |
| 几 | jǐ | several / a few |
| 次 | cì | classifier for enumerated events: time |
| 每 | měi | each / every |
| 都 | dōu | all; both; entirely |
| 一样 | yī yàng | same / like / equal to / the same as |
| 一般 | yī bān | ordinary / so-so / common / general |
| 从 | cóng | from; through; via / (bound form) retainer; attendant / (bound form) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate / (bound form) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor |
| 同意 | tóng yì | to agree / to consent / to approve |
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 这样 | zhè yàng | this way; like this; so |
| 精确 | jīng què | accurate; precise |
| 表达 | biǎo dá | to express; to convey |
| 状态 | zhuàng tài | condition; state; state of affairs |
| 题目 | tí mù | subject; title; topic / exercise or exam question |
| 二 | èr | two / 2 |
| 选 | xuǎn | to choose / to pick / to select / to elect |
| 使得 | shǐ de | to make; to cause; to bring about |
| 绝对 | jué duì | absolute; unconditional |
| 大多数 | dà duō shù | (great) majority |
| 其实 | qí shí | actually; in fact; really |
| 处 | chǔ | to reside / to live / to dwell / to be in / to be situated at / to stay / to be in a position of |
| 于 | yú | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by |
| 中间 | zhōng jiān | in the middle; within; between; among |
| 为什么 | wèi shén me | why? / for what reason? |
| 有些 | yǒu xiē | some |
| 多 | duō | many; much; more; a lot of |
| 会 | huì | to be likely to; to be sure to |
| 得到 | dé dào | to get; to obtain; to receive |
| 不同 | bù tóng | different / distinct / not the same / not alike |
| 原因 | yuán yīn | cause / origin / root cause / reason |
| 与 | yǔ | (formal) with; from (marking the other participant in an interaction, comparison, or contrast) |
| 差异 | chā yì | difference; discrepancy |
| 想象 | xiǎng xiàng | to imagine; to envision |
| 那么 | nà me | like that; in that way; to that extent |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 世界 | shì jiè | world |
| 分 | fēn | to divide; to separate |
| 为 | wéi | to take sth as / to act as / to serve as / to behave as / to become / to be / to do |
| 类 | lèi | kind; type; class; category / (classifier) kind; type |
| 显示 | xiǎn shì | to show / to illustrate / to display / to demonstrate |
| 之 | zhī | (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]) |
| 带 | dài | to wear / to carry / to take along / to bear / to bring |
| 来 | lái | hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker) |
| 一些 | yī xiē | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er |
| 问题 | wèn tí | question / problem / issue / topic |
| 自我 | zì wǒ | the self; oneself; self- / (psychology) ego |
| 固化 | gù huà | to solidify; to harden / (fig.) to make permanent; to become fixed |
| 有的 | yǒu de | (there are) some (who are...) / some (exist) |
| 网友 | wǎng yǒu | online friend / netizen; Internet user |
| 说 | shuō | to speak; to talk; to say |
| 找到 | zhǎo dào | to find |
| 相似 | xiāng sì | similar; alike |
| 感到 | gǎn dào | to feel; to sense; to perceive |
| 不再 | bù zài | no more; no longer |
| 孤单 | gū dān | lone / lonely |
| 提醒 | tí xǐng | to remind / to call attention to / to warn of |
| 限制 | xiàn zhì | to restrict / to limit / to confine |
| 可能性 | kě néng xìng | possibility; probability |