到了冬季,中国大部分地区普遍降温。
每到这个时候,一个让北方人快乐、南方人嫉妒的东西就会被频繁讨论——暖气。
因为有暖气,零下的北方不再寒冷,室内温暖如春。
但是南方的朋友们却只能穿着最厚的衣服,围着小小的电暖器,瑟瑟发抖。
中国北方大多数地区在每年十一月就开始进行集中供暖,最冷的东北地区甚至十月就开始供暖了。
有了暖气以后的室内温度一般都能达到25摄氏度以上,每天都像春天,甚至夏天。
所以对于北方人来说,一年中最冷的时候是供暖前的一个月和停暖后的一个月。
长江以南的南方就不同了,南方地区没有集中供暖。
虽然每年南方的室外温度看起来没有零下的北方那么低,是温暖湿润的亚热带气候,但是,这与实际的体感温度是两码事。
一般而言,气温低于8摄氏度时,人体就会感觉寒冷,而大多数南方地区,冬季气温都会低于这个温度。
除了温度,还有湿度也是一个重要的因素。
气象学普遍认为湿度每增加10%,体感温度就会降低1摄氏度。
潮湿的气候让南方的冬季比想象中更冷。
因为没有暖气,南方人甚至更愿意在室外,而不是阴冷潮湿的室内。
为什么南方城市不集中供暖呢?
因为集中供暖的成本十分高昂,而且难度也很大。
暖气燃烧的原料、运输的效率、管道的保养等都是很大的问题。
南方湿润的环境也让雾霾问题很难解决。
所以南方供暖不但需要考虑能源和成本,还需要考虑环境保护的问题。
不过即便没有集中供暖,随着清洁能源的开发,南方一些新的房地产项目已经开始加装暖气管道了。
这几年,对暖气向往已久的南方人也开始纷纷投入暖气的怀抱。
按照目前的情况看,南方小区域集中供暖正成为一种新的趋势。
Hover a word for its pinyin & meaning; click to pin it.
narration saved locally, offline — from https://download.mandarinbean.com/audio?source=aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFmZmljLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vc2VjdXJlL2xlYXJuY2hpbmVzZS81MTM4Lm1wMw&filename=Is-it-cold-in-the-north-or-cold-in-the-south.mp3&signature=be7cfcc208f4fae0e5a0f9faa19be2be54926ad97b3858f22f4152552dc93957
| Chinese | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 到 | dào | to reach; to arrive / to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) / (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) |
| 了 | le | (completed action marker) / (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) |
| 冬季 | dōng jì | winter |
| 中国 | Zhōng guó | China |
| 大 | dà | big; large; great / older (than another person) / eldest |
| 部分 | bù fen | part; portion; piece |
| 地区 | dì qū | region; area (informal or geographical term) |
| 普遍 | pǔ biàn | universal / general / widespread / common |
| 降 | jiàng | to drop / to fall / to come down / to descend |
| 温 | wēn | (bound form) temperature / (TCM) fever / epidemic; pestilence |
| 每 | měi | each / every |
| 这 | zhè | this; these |
| 个 | gè | classifier for people or objects in general |
| 时候 | shí hou | time / length of time / moment / period |
| 一 | yī | one / single / a (article) |
| 让 | ràng | to permit / to let sb do sth / to have sb do sth / to make sb (feel sad etc) |
| 北方 | běi fāng | north / the northern part a country / China north of the Yellow River |
| 人 | rén | person; people |
| 快乐 | kuài lè | happy; joyful |
| 南方 | nán fāng | south; southern direction / (in China) southern regions, often referring to areas south of the Yangtze River |
| 嫉妒 | jí dù | to be jealous of; to envy |
| 的 | de | possessive particle (of; 's) / modifying particle (used after an attribute to modify a noun or to form a nominal expression) |
| 东西 | dōng xi | thing / stuff / person |
| 就 | jiù | in that case; then |
| 会 | huì | to be likely to; to be sure to |
| 被 | bèi | used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) / (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes |
| 频繁 | pín fán | frequently / often |
| 讨论 | tǎo lùn | to discuss; to talk over |
| 暖气 | nuǎn qì | central heating / heater / warm air |
| 因为 | yīn wèi | because; owing to; on account of |
| 有 | yǒu | to have; there is |
| 零下 | líng xià | below zero (esp. temperature) |
| 不再 | bù zài | no more; no longer |
| 寒冷 | hán lěng | cold (climate) / frigid / very cold |
| 室 | shì | room / work unit / grave / scabbard / family or clan / one of the 28 constellations of Chinese astronomy |
| 内 | nèi | inside / inner / internal / interior |
| 温暖 | wēn nuǎn | warm |
| 如 | rú | as / as if / such as |
| 春 | chūn | spring (season) / love / lust / life |
| 但是 | dàn shì | but; however |
| 朋友 | péng you | friend |
| 们 | men | plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals |
| 却 | què | but / yet / however / while / nevertheless / even though |
| 只 | zhǐ | only; merely; just |
| 能 | néng | can / to be able to / might possibly |
| 穿 | chuān | to wear / to put on / to dress |
| 着 | zhuó | to wear (clothes) |
| 最 | zuì | (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est |
| 厚 | hòu | thick / deep or profound / kind / generous / rich or strong in flavor |
| 衣服 | yī fu | clothes |
| 围 | wéi | to encircle / to surround / to wear by wrapping around (scarf, shawl) |
| 小 | xiǎo | small / tiny / few |
| 电暖器 | diàn nuǎn qì | electric heater; an electric heating device used to warm a room or space |
| 瑟瑟发抖 | sè sè fā dǒu | to shiver |
| 大多数 | dà duō shù | (great) majority |
| 在 | zài | (of sb or sth) to be (located) at |
| 年 | nián | year |
| 十一月 | Shí yī yuè | November / eleventh month (of the lunar year) |
| 开始 | kāi shǐ | to begin / to start |
| 进行 | jìn xíng | (of people) to carry out; to conduct (an investigation or discussion etc) |
| 集中 | jí zhōng | centralized / concentrated |
| 供 | gōng | to provide; to supply / to be for (the use or convenience of) |
| 暖 | nuǎn | warm |
| 冷 | lěng | cold |
| 东北 | Dōng běi | Northeast China; Manchuria |
| 甚至 | shèn zhì | even; so much so that |
| 十月 | Shí yuè | October / tenth month (of the lunar year) |
| 以后 | yǐ hòu | after / later / afterwards / following / later on / in the future |
| 温度 | wēn dù | temperature |
| 一般 | yī bān | generally / in general |
| 都 | dōu | all; both; entirely |
| 达到 | dá dào | to reach; to achieve; to attain |
| 摄氏度 | Shè shì dù | °C (degrees Celsius) |
| 以上 | yǐ shàng | that level or higher; that amount or more |
| 天 | tiān | day |
| 像 | xiàng | to resemble / to be like / to look as if |
| 春天 | chūn tiān | spring (season) |
| 夏天 | xià tiān | summer |
| 所以 | suǒ yǐ | therefore / as a result / so |
| 对于 | duì yú | regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to |
| 来说 | lái shuō | for; from the point of view of; in the case of |
| 中 | zhōng | within; among; in |
| 是 | shì | to be (followed by substantives only) |
| 前 | qián | ago / before / BC / former / formerly |
| 月 | yuè | month / monthly |
| 和 | hé | and; together with |
| 停 | tíng | to stop / to halt |
| 后 | hòu | afterwards / after |
| 长江 | Cháng Jiāng | Yangtze River, or Chang Jiang |
| 以 | yǐ | by means of / according to / in order to / because of / at |
| 南 | nán | south |
| 不同 | bù tóng | different / distinct / not the same / not alike |
| 没有 | méi yǒu | to not have |
| 虽然 | suī rán | although; even though |
| 外 | wài | outside / external |
| 看 | kàn | to see; to look at / to read / to watch / to visit; to call on / to consider; to regard as / to look after / to treat (a patient or illness) / to depend on / to feel (that) / (after a verb) to give it a try / to watch out for |
| 起来 | qǐ lái | indicating the beginning and continuation of an action or a state / indicating an upward movement / indicating completion / expressing preliminary judgment |
| 那么 | nà me | like that; in that way; to that extent |
| 低 | dī | low |
| 湿润 | shī rùn | moist |
| 亚热带 | yà rè dài | subtropical (zone or climate) |
| 气候 | qì hòu | (meteorology) climate / (fig.) climate; prevailing conditions (in human affairs) |
| 与 | yǔ | (formal) with; from (marking the other participant in an interaction, comparison, or contrast) |
| 实际 | shí jì | practical / realistic / real / actual |
| 体 | tǐ | body / form / style / system / substance / aspect (linguistics) |
| 感 | gǎn | (suffix) sense of ~ |
| 两 | liǎng | two / both / some / a few |
| 码 | mǎ | classifier for matters, items, situations etc (esp. when indicating whether they are the same or different) |
| 事 | shì | matter / thing / item / affair |
| 一般而言 | yī bān ér yán | generally speaking |
| 气温 | qì wēn | air temperature |
| 于 | yú | (of time or place) in; at; on / (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for / (indicating a source) from; out of / (used in comparison) than / (used in the passive voice) by |
| 时 | shí | when |
| 感觉 | gǎn jué | to feel; to perceive |
| 而 | ér | but (not) / yet (not) / (indicates contrast) |
| 除了 | chú le | apart from; besides; in addition to |
| 还有 | hái yǒu | in addition |
| 湿度 | shī dù | humidity level |
| 也 | yě | also; too; as well; (not ...) either |
| 重要 | zhòng yào | important; significant; major |
| 因素 | yīn sù | element / factor |
| 气象学 | qì xiàng xué | meteorology |
| 认为 | rèn wéi | to believe; to think; to consider; to feel |
| 增加 | zēng jiā | to raise; to increase |
| 降低 | jiàng dī | to reduce; to lower; to bring down |
| 潮湿 | cháo shī | damp / moist |
| 比 | bǐ | (followed by a noun and adjective) more {adj.} than {noun} / (in some compounds derived from Classical Chinese) |
| 想象 | xiǎng xiàng | imagination |
| 更 | gèng | more / even more / further / still / still more |
| 愿意 | yuàn yì | to wish / to want / ready / willing (to do sth) |
| 不是 | bù shì | is not |
| 阴冷 | yīn lěng | gloomy and cold |
| 为什么 | wèi shén me | why? / for what reason? |
| 城市 | chéng shì | city; town |
| 不 | bù | no; not so |
| 呢 | ne | (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") |
| 成本 | chéng běn | (manufacturing, production etc) costs |
| 十分 | shí fēn | very / completely / utterly / extremely / absolutely / hundred percent |
| 高昂 | gāo áng | expensive / high (spirits etc) |
| 而且 | ér qiě | (not only ...) but also / moreover / in addition / furthermore |
| 难度 | nán dù | degree of difficulty |
| 很 | hěn | very; quite |
| 燃烧 | rán shāo | to ignite / to combust / to burn |
| 原料 | yuán liào | raw material |
| 运输 | yùn shū | transportation |
| 效率 | xiào lǜ | efficiency |
| 管道 | guǎn dào | tubing / pipeline / (fig.) channel / means |
| 保养 | bǎo yǎng | maintenance |
| 等 | děng | and so on; etc.; et al. / (used to end an enumeration) |
| 问题 | wèn tí | question / problem / issue / topic |
| 环境 | huán jìng | environment / circumstances / surroundings |
| 雾霾 | wù mái | haze / smog |
| 难 | nán | difficult (to...) / difficult |
| 解决 | jiě jué | to solve; to resolve; to settle (a problem) |
| 不但 | bù dàn | not only (... but also ...) |
| 需要 | xū yào | to need; to want; to demand; to require |
| 考虑 | kǎo lǜ | to think over / to consider |
| 能源 | néng yuán | energy sources; energy |
| 还 | hái | still, still in progress, yet |
| 保护 | bǎo hù | protection |
| 不过 | bù guò | but / however |
| 即便 | jí biàn | even if / even though / right away / immediately |
| 随着 | suí zhe | along with / in the wake of / following |
| 清洁 | qīng jié | clean |
| 开发 | kāi fā | to exploit (a resource); to open up (for development); to develop |
| 一些 | yī xiē | some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er |
| 新 | xīn | new; newly |
| 房地产 | fáng dì chǎn | real estate |
| 项目 | xiàng mù | item; project; (sports) event |
| 已经 | yǐ jīng | already |
| 加 | jiā | to add / to increase; to augment |
| 装 | zhuāng | to adorn / to play a role / to pretend / to install / to fix / to wrap (sth in a bag) / to load / to pack |
| 几 | jǐ | several / a few |
| 对 | duì | towards; at; for / concerning; regarding |
| 向往 | xiàng wǎng | to yearn for / to look forward to |
| 已 | yǐ | already |
| 久 | jiǔ | (of a period of time) long |
| 纷纷 | fēn fēn | one after another / in succession / one by one / continuously / in profusion / pell-mell |
| 投入 | tóu rù | to throw into / to put into / to throw oneself into / to participate in / to invest in |
| 怀抱 | huái bào | to hug / to cherish / to embrace (also fig. an ideal, aspiration etc) |
| 按照 | àn zhào | according to; in accordance with; on the basis of |
| 目前 | mù qián | at the present time / currently |
| 情况 | qíng kuàng | circumstances; state of affairs; situation |
| 区域 | qū yù | area / region / district |
| 正 | zhèng | exactly / just (at that time) / right (in that place) |
| 成为 | chéng wéi | to become; to turn into |
| 种 | zhǒng | classifier for types, kinds, sorts |
| 趋势 | qū shì | trend; tendency |